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An Introduction To The Event Related Potential Technique

Sensory signals are highly structured in both space and time. These structural regularities in visual information allow expectations to form about future stimulation, thereby facilitating decisions about visual features and objects. Here, we discuss how expectation modulates neural signals and behaviour in humans and other primates. We consider how expectations bias visual activity before a stimulus occurs, and how neural signals elicited by expected and unexpected stimuli differ. We discuss how expectations may influence decision signals at the computational level. Finally, we consider the relationship between visual expectation and related concepts, such as attention and adaptation.

Expectation in perceptual decision making: neural and computational mechanisms

Introduction: Past, Present and Potential Recording Evoked Potentials: Means to an End Frequency-Domain: Music of the Hemispheres Finding Sources: Forwards and Backwards Sounds to Charm the Brain Interpreting the Waveforms: Time and Uncertainty Electrocochleography: From Song to Synapse Auditory Brainstem Responses: Peaks Along the Way Middle Latency Responses - The Brain and the Brawn Auditory Steady State and Following Responses: Dancing to the Rhythms Late Auditory Evoked Potentials: Changing the Things Which Are Endogenous Auditory Evoked Potentials: Attention Must Be Paid Infant Hearing Assessment: Opening Ears Neurotology and Neurology: From Cochlea to Cortex Auditory Neuropathy: When Time is Broke Cochlear Implants: Body Electric Concluding Comments: Beginning to Live

Human Auditory Evoked Potentials

Synchrony refers to individuals' temporal coordination during social interactions. The analysis of this phenomenon is complex, requiring the perception and integration of multimodal communicative signals. The evaluation of synchrony has received multidisciplinary attention because of its role in early development, language learning, and social connection. Originally studied by developmental psychologists, synchrony has now captured the interest of researchers in such fields as social signal processing, robotics, and machine learning. This paper emphasizes the current questions asked by synchrony evaluation and the state-of-the-art related methods. First, we present definitions and functions of synchrony in youth and adulthood. Next, we review the noncomputational and computational approaches of annotating, evaluating, and modeling interactional synchrony. Finally, the current limitations and future research directions in the fields of developmental robotics, social robotics, and clinical studies are discussed.

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Interpersonal Synchrony: A Survey of Evaluation Methods across Disciplines

Repetition suppression and its contextual determinants in predictive coding.

Using prosody to improve automatic speech recognition

BABEL is a joint European project under the COPERNICUS scheme (Project 1304), comprising partners from five Eastern European countries and three Western ones. The project is producing a multi-language database of five of the most widely-differing Eastern European languages (Bulgarian, Estonian, Hungarian, Romanian and Polish). The collection and formatting of the data conforms to the protocols established by the ESPRIT SAM project and the resulting EUROM databases.

BABEL: an Eastern European multi-language database

The human speech contains and reflects information about the emotional state of the speaker. The importance of research of emotions is increasing in telematics, information technologies and even in health services. The research of the mean acoustical parameters of the emotions is a very complicated task. The emotions are mainly characterized by suprasegmental parameters, but other segmental factors can contribute to the perception of the emotions as well. These parameters are varying within one language, according to speakers etc. In the first part of our research work, human emotion perception was examined. Steps of creating an emotional speech database are presented. The database contains recordings of 3 Hungarian sentences with 8 basic emotions pronounced by nonprofessional speakers. Comparison of perception test results obtained with database recorded by nonprofessional speakers showed similar recognition results as an earlier perception test obtained with professional actors/actresses. It was also made clear, that a neutral sentence before listening to the expression of the emotion pronounced by the same speakers cannot help the perception of the emotion in a great extent. In the second part of our research work, an automatic emotion recognition system was developed. Statistical methods (HMM) were used to train different emotional models. The optimization of the recognition was done by changing the acoustic preprocessing parameters and the number of states of the Markov models.

Speech Emotion Perception by Human and Machine.

The development of an audiovisual pronunciation teaching and training method and software system is discussed in this article. The method is designed to help children with speech and hearing disorders gain better control over their speech production. The teaching method is drawn up for progression from individual sound preparation to practice of sounds in sentences for four languages: English, Swedish, Slovenian, and Hungarian. The system is a general language-independent measuring tool and database editor. This database editor makes it possible to construct modules for all participant languages and for different sound groups. Two modules are under development for the system in all languages: one for teaching and training vowels to hearing-impaired children and the other for correction of misarticulated fricative sounds. In the article we present the measuring methods, the used distance score calculations of the visualized speech spectra, and problems in the evaluation of the new multimedia tool.

Klára Vicsi

Papers

Using prosody to improve automatic speech recognition

BABEL: an Eastern European multi-language database

Speech Emotion Perception by Human and Machine.

A Multimedia, Multilingual Teaching and Training System for Children with Speech Disorders

Speech Emotion Perception by Human and Machine