A fast-Fourier-transform method of topography and interferometry is proposed. By computer processing of a noncontour type of fringe pattern, automatic discrimination is achieved between elevation and depression of the object or wave-front form, which has not been possible by the fringe-contour-generation techniques. The method has advantages over moire topography and conventional fringe-contour interferometry in both accuracy and sensitivity. Unlike fringe-scanning techniques, the method is easy to apply because it uses no moving components.

Fourier-transform method of fringe-pattern analysis for computer-based topography and interferometry

Current medical imaging technologies allow visualization of tissue anatomy in the human body at resolutions ranging from 100 micrometers to 1 millimeter. These technologies are generally not sensitive enough to detect early-stage tissue abnormalities associated with diseases such as cancer and atherosclerosis, which require micrometer-scale resolution. Here, optical coherence tomography was adapted to allow high-speed visualization of tissue in a living animal with a catheter-endoscope 1 millimeter in diameter. This method, referred to as "optical biopsy," was used to obtain cross-sectional images of the rabbit gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts at 10-micrometer resolution.

In Vivo Endoscopic Optical Biopsy with Optical Coherence Tomography

Systems and methods for implementing array cameras configured to perform super- resolution processing to generate higher resolution super-resolved images using a plurality of captured images and lens stack arrays that can be utilized in array cameras are disclosed. Lens stack arrays in accordance with many embodiments of the invention include lens elements formed on substrates separated by spacers, where the lens elements, substrates and spacers are configured to form a plurality of optical channels, at least one aperture located within each optical channel, at least one spectral filter located within each optical channel, where each spectral filter is configured to pass a specific spectral band of light, and light blocking materials located within the lens stack array to optically isolate the optical channels.

Capturing and processing of images using monolithic camera array with heterogeneous imagers

An image processing apparatus and image processing method capable of providing a high-resolution image for a desired position by use of light field data are provided. The image processing apparatus may determine a position of a portion of light field data among light field data corresponding to a scene, according to a desired focusing position, generate a refocusing first image by use of the position determined portion of light field data, generate a high-resolution image having a predetermined setting ratio relative to the refocusing first image, determine a ratio for local synthesis between the high-resolution image and an enlarged image of the refocusing first image by use of a similarity with respect to the position determined portion of light field data, and generate a synthesized image by synthesizing the high-resolution image and the enlarged image of the refocusing first image according to the local synthesis ratio.

Image processing apparatus and method

There are many, many inventions described herein. In one aspect, what is disclosed is a digital camera including a plurality of arrays of photo detectors, including a first array of photo detectors to sample an intensity of light of a first wavelength and a second array of photo detectors to sample an intensity of light of a second wavelength. The digital camera further may also include a first lens disposed in an optical path of the first array of photo detectors, wherein the first lens includes a predetermined optical response to the light of the first wavelength, and a second lens disposed in with an optical path of the second array of photo detectors wherein the second lens includes a predetermined optical response to the light of the second wavelength. In addition, the digital camera may include signal processing circuitry, coupled to the first and second arrays of photo detectors, to generate a composite image using (i) data which is representative of the intensity of light sampled by the first array of photo detectors, and (ii) data which is representative of the intensity of light sampled by the second array of photo detectors; wherein the first array of photo detectors, the second array of photo detectors, and the signal processing circuitry are integrated on or in the same semiconductor substrate.

Apparatus for multiple camera devices and method of operating same

Computational ghost imaging (CGI) is one of several attractive techniques for optical measurement because it can determine two-dimensional structures of target objects without using an image sensor. However, conventional CGI is not suitable for practical use in terms of measurement time. In this paper, we report on reducing the optical measurement time in CGI and propose a new CGI implementation. The proposed method utilizes the wide bandwidth of laser diodes. We can obtain a set of speckle patterns required in computational ghost imaging in a significantly shorter time by changing emission patterns. Consequently, this method is suitable for high-speed measurements. The concept of the method is described and verified by numerical analysis. Further, optical setup for the experimental verification is assembled. As verified with experiments and signal processing, the proposed method can provide reconstructed images of targets.

Fast Computational Ghost Imaging with Laser Array Modulation

A simulator for exponential function in Shor's quantum algorithm is presented. It is based on optical array logic (OAL) which is one of paradigm for digital optical computing. In the method, a quantum statement with superposition and entanglement is represented by two-dimensional spatial pattern. Parallel processing set by OAL simulates quantum properties.

A simulation method for quantum algorithm using optical array logic

A method to reduce computational costs of a factorization algorithm based on two dimensional pattern processing
is presented. We develop logical operations to implement a factorization in the data compressed domain. In
the method, firstly, two dimensional discrete images for data processing is compressed in accordance with the
presented coding. Secondly, sequences of logical operations are executed in compression domain. Finally, desired
results are obtained by extraction of the compressed data after the operations. An advantaged feature of the
presented method is that computational costs can be decreased by the data compression rate.

A method for factorization by means of digital optical computing and image compression

Fabrication of scattering media by femtosecond laser pulse irradiation in Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) material is
presented. Focused femtosecond laser pulse can fabricate void with a few μm in PMMA material. Random distribution
of voids can work as a scattering medium. We measure the scattering properties of fabricated void structure by changing
the void density. By comparing the experimental results and numerical results, we discuss the possibility of control of
scattering coefficient by void density.

Femtosecond laser fabrication of scattering medium by randomly distributed holes in polymer

Parallel phase-shifting digital holography (PPSDH) method can record dynamic three-dimensional events with higher
spatial resolution than that of off-axis digital holography. In PPSDH, all amount of phase retardations are included in a
multiplexed hologram and can be optically implemented by using a phase-mode spatial light modulator (SLM) located in
the reference beam. The SLM can also compensate optical aberration caused by lenses, beam splitters, and air fluctuation
as in adaptive optics. In this presentation, we review our experimental results using stationary two-dimensional object
using a liquid-crystal on Silicon (LCOS) SLM.

Kouichi Nitta

Papers

Fast Computational Ghost Imaging with Laser Array Modulation

A simulation method for quantum algorithm using optical array logic

A method for factorization by means of digital optical computing and image compression

Femtosecond laser fabrication of scattering medium by randomly distributed holes in polymer

Parallel phase-shifting digital holography using LCOS-SLM