다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

[신간의 별자리x] 우리/미술, 그리고 ‘슬픔의 박물관’

The field of laser-matter interaction traditionally deals with the response of atoms, molecules, and plasmas to an external light wave. However, the recent sustained technological progress is opening up the possibility of employing intense laser radiation to trigger or substantially influence physical processes beyond atomic-physics energy scales. Available optical laser intensities exceeding ${10}^{22}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{W}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ can push the fundamental light-electron interaction to the extreme limit where radiation-reaction effects dominate the electron dynamics, can shed light on the structure of the quantum vacuum, and can trigger the creation of particles such as electrons, muons, and pions and their corresponding antiparticles. Also, novel sources of intense coherent high-energy photons and laser-based particle colliders can pave the way to nuclear quantum optics and may even allow for the potential discovery of new particles beyond the standard model. These are the main topics of this article, which is devoted to a review of recent investigations on high-energy processes within the realm of relativistic quantum dynamics, quantum electrodynamics, and nuclear and particle physics, occurring in extremely intense laser fields.

Extremely high-intensity laser interactions with fundamental quantum systems

This self-contained, comprehensive book describes the fundamental properties of soft x-rays and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation and discusses their applications in a wide variety of fields, including EUV lithography for semiconductor chip manufacture and soft x-ray biomicroscopy. The author begins by presenting the relevant basic principles such as radiation and scattering, wave propagation, diffraction, and coherence. He then goes on to examine a broad range of phenomena and applications. The topics covered include EUV lithography, biomicroscopy, spectromicroscopy, EUV astronomy, synchrotron radiation, and soft x-ray lasers. He also provides a great deal of useful reference material such as electron binding energies, characteristic emission lines and photo-absorption cross-sections. The book will be of great interest to graduate students and researchers in engineering, physics, chemistry, and the life sciences. It will also appeal to practicing engineers involved in semiconductor fabrication and materials science.

X-Rays and Extreme Ultraviolet Radiation: Principles and Applications

Recent years have seen significant progress in the field of soft- and hard-X-ray microscopy, both technically, through developments in source, optics and imaging methodologies, and also scientifically, through a wide range of applications While an ever-growing community is pursuing the extensive applications of today's available X-ray tools, other groups are investigating improvements in techniques, including new optics, higher spatial resolutions, brighter compact sources and shorter-duration X-ray pulses This Review covers recent work in the development of direct image-forming X-ray microscopy techniques and the relevant applications, including three-dimensional biological tomography, dynamical processes in magnetic nanostructures, chemical speciation studies, industrial applications related to solar cells and batteries, and studies of archaeological materials and historical works of art

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Nanoscale X-ray imaging

Adsorption of hydrogen fluoride on SiC surfaces: A density functional theory study

Geometry and Conduction of an Infinite Single-Row Gold Wire

First-principles molecular-dynamics calculations and STM observations of dissociative adsorption of Cl2 and F2 on Si(001) surface

We have investigated the initial stage of hydrolysis process of Ga-terminated GaN surfaces by using first-principles theoretical calculations. We found that the activation barrier of H2O dissociation at the kinked site of the Ga-terminated GaN surface is about 0.8 eV, which is significantly lower than that at the stepped site of about 1.2 eV. This is consistent with the experimental observation where a step-terrace structure is observed after the etching process of Ga-terminated GaN surfaces with catalyst-referred etching method. Detailed analysis on the nature of the chemical interaction uring the hydrolysis processes will be discussed.

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First-principles theoretical study of hydrolysis of stepped and kinked Ga-terminated GaN surfaces

This work presents an interpretation of the origin of changes in absorption spectra upon one-electron oxidation and reduction of two ruthenium polypyridyl complexes based on a combination of UV-Vis spectroelectrochemical experiments and theoretical calculations using the Gaussian 09 program. A bis-chelating ligand containing a p-bromobenzoylthiourea unit connected to 1,10-phenanthroline (phen-p-BrBT) has been prepared. Complexation of phen-p-BrBT to ruthenium bis-diimine centres, Ru(N-N)2 [N-N = 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) or 1,10-phenanthroline (phen)], affords octahedral Ru(ii) tris-diimine complexes that are synthesised and structurally characterised. The two complexes exhibit similar MLCT bands and electronic energy levels owing to the similar electronic structures of the bpy and phen ligands. However, [Ru(phen)2(phen-p-BrBT)]2+ exhibits a slightly broader visible region MLCT (metal-to-ligand-charge transfer) band than [Ru(bpy)2(phen-p-BrBT)]2+ as expected from a slightly more delocalised π-electron system in the phen diimine ligands. In addition, the π→π* absorption in the UV is blue-shifted for [Ru(phen)2(phen-p-BrBT)]2+ relative to that for [Ru(bpy)2(phen-p-BrBT)]2+, because of greater stabilisation of the bpy HOMO relative to that of phen. The extra C-C bond in phen produces greater delocalisation of electron density leading to a blue-shift in the π→π* transition. The MLCT band is blue-shifted and diminished in intensity upon oxidation due to stabilisation of the Ru d-orbitals by removal of one electron. A new broad absorption band appears in the UV region upon reduction. The new transition is attributed to a blue-shift of the first MLCT transition for [Ru(bpy)2(phen-p-BrBT)]2+ and a red-shift of the second MLCT transition for [Ru(phen)2(phen-p-BrBT)]2+. The new transitions originate from destabilisation or stabilisation of the ligand LUMO orbitals relative to the Ru d-orbitals. A red-shift of the UV band in the initial complex also contributes to the new band produced upon reduction of [Ru(bpy)2(phen-p-BrBT)]2+. The new band does not involve an n(C[double bond, length as m-dash]S) →π* transition. Although both complexes show subtle differences in behaviour, their spectral changes are distinct, and the origin of changes in their absorption spectra upon oxidation and reduction is successfully interpreted.

Experimental and computational studies on ruthenium(ii) bis-diimine complexes of N,N'-chelate ligands: the origin of changes in absorption spectra upon oxidation and reduction.

Kouji Inagaki

Papers

Adsorption of hydrogen fluoride on SiC surfaces: A density functional theory study

Geometry and Conduction of an Infinite Single-Row Gold Wire

First-principles molecular-dynamics calculations and STM observations of dissociative adsorption of Cl2 and F2 on Si(001) surface

First-principles theoretical study of hydrolysis of stepped and kinked Ga-terminated GaN surfaces

Experimental and computational studies on ruthenium(ii) bis-diimine complexes of N,N'-chelate ligands: the origin of changes in absorption spectra upon oxidation and reduction.