Polymer-based sensors: A review

The simulation modeling and the control of real plant are two-very often separated-fields of mechatronic practice, research and education. The deep gap between simulation world of controlled system and practical implementation in e.g. embedded hardware can be bridged through the use of special hardware and software directly in MATLAB/Simulink environment. This paper presents the review of available tools with respect to their usability, sampling rate capability, the necessary software needs and also the financial requirements. Most of approaches require the C code generation using Real-Time Workshop. However e.g. the Real-Time Toolbox works directly with normal mode of Simulink which can be especially recommended for the educational applications. The paper briefly describes several case studies where undergraduate students can deal with real educational models without previous knowledge of the real-time systems. The list of available hardware and software tools is not complete but includes all important approaches: low cost general purpose I/O card with/without C code generation, high-performance hardware for comfort rapid prototyping or hardware-in-the-loop simulation and code generation for embedded targets (16 or 32bit microcontrollers or DSP).

Real-Time Control Prototyping in MATLAB/Simulink: Review of tools for research and education in mechatronics

Over the last two decades, commercially available computer has become both increasingly powerful and increasingly affordable This, in turn, has led to the emergence of highly sophisticated simulation software applications that not only enable high-fidelity simulation of dynamic systems and related controls, but also automatic code generation for implementation in industrial controllers Today, electric drives, power electronic systems and their controls are getting more and more complex, and their use is widely increasing in all sectors: power systems, traction, hybrid vehicles, industrial and home electronics, automotive, naval and aerospace systems, etc Advances in Microprocessors, Microcomputers, Microcontrollers such as DSP, FPGA, dSPACE etc and Power Semiconductor devices have made tremendous impact on electric motor drives Due to advancement of the software tools like MATLAB/SIMULINK with its Real Time Workshop (RTW) and Real Time Windows Target (RTWT), real time simulators are used extensively in many engineering fields, such as industry, education and research institutions As consequences, inclusion of the real time simulation applications in modern engineering provides great help for the researcher and academicians A case is made to present overview of the Real Time Simulations of Electrical Machine Drives possibility of including these techniques in modern engineering and practices This paper will also discuss various real time simulation techniques such as Real Time Laboratory (RT Lab) Rapid Control Prototyping (RCP) and Hardware in the Loop (HIL) can be used in a modern engineering

Real time control of electrical machine drives: A review

In order to compete in the global market, engineering organizations are under increasing pressure to design, develop, and deploy products in the market place as quickly as possible with first time quality. In order to achieve these objectives, it is necessary to streamline the design and development process, namely, “transfer of analytical design of Intelligence to Mechatronics intelligence” in an efficient and expedient manner. An increasing pressure exists on the development cycle of control systems to serve this widening application spectrum. The time-to-market of a new product often determines its commercial success. Consequently, design problems have to be discovered as early as possible in the design process in order to take remedial actions. Efficient and accurate tools and procedures are required to support short yet successful development processes. Over the last two decades, commercially available computer has become both increasingly powerful and increasingly affordable. This, in turn, has led to the emergence of highly sophisticated simulation software applications that not only enable high-fidelity simulation of dynamic systems and related controls, but also automatic code generation for implementation in industrial controllers. Simulation tools have been widely used for the design and improvement of electrical systems since the mid twentieth century. The evolution of simulation tools has progressed in step with the evolution of computing technologies. In last ten years, computing technologies have improved dramatically in performance and become widely available at a steadily decreasing cost. Consequently, simulation tools have also seen dramatic performance gains and steady cost decreases. Researchers and engineers now have access to affordable, high-performance simulation tools that were previously too cost prohibitive, except for the largest manufacturers and utilities. The purpose of this paper is to review major milestones that set the stage for the development of the today's real time simulation including sufficient detail to acquaint reader with their basic principles, strength, challenges and its applications.

Real time simulation: Recent progress & challenges

The present work addresses the modelling, control, and simulation of a microgrid integrated wind power system with Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) using a hybrid energy storage system. In order to improve the quality of the waveforms (voltages and currents) supplied to the grid, instead of a two level-inverter, the rotor of the DFIG is supplied using a three-level inverter. A new adaptive algorithm based on combined Direct Reactive Power Control (DRPC) and fuzzy logic controls techniques is applied to the proposed topology. In this work, two topologies are proposed. In the first one, the active power injected into the grid is smoothened by using an economical hybrid battery and supercapacitor energy storage system. However, in the second one, the excess wind energy is used to produce and store the hydrogen, and then a solid oxide fuel cell system (SOFC) is utilized to regenerate electricity by using the stored hydrogen when there is not enough wind energy. To avoid overcharging, deep discharging of batteries, to mitigate fluctuations due to wind speed variations, and to fulfil the requirement of the load profile, a power management algorithm is implemented. This algorithm ensures smooth output power in the first topology and service continuity in the second. The modelling and simulation results are presented and analysed using Matlab/Simulink.

Energy Management System for Hybrid PV/Wind/Battery/Fuel Cell in Microgrid-Based Hydrogen and Economical Hybrid Battery/Super Capacitor Energy Storage

This article presents a Model-Based Design (MBD) approach to rapidly implement power quality (PQ) metering algorithms. Power supply quality is a very important aspect of modern power systems and will become even more important in future smart grids. In this case, maintaining the PQ parameters at the desired level will require efficient implementation methods of the metering algorithms. Currently, the development of new, advanced PQ metering algorithms requires new hardware with adequate computational capability and time intensive, cost-ineffective manual implementations. An alternative, considered here, is an MBD approach. The MBD approach focuses on the modelling and validation of the model by simulation, which is well-supported by a Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE) packages. This paper presents two algorithms utilized in modern PQ meters: a phase-locked loop based on an Enhanced Phase Locked Loop (EPLL), and the flicker measurement according to the IEC 61000-4-15 standard. The algorithms were chosen because of their complexity and non-trivial development. They were first modelled in the MATLAB/Simulink package, then tested and validated in a simulation environment. The models, in the form of Simulink diagrams, were next used to automatically generate C code. The code was compiled and executed in real-time on the Zynq Xilinx platform that combines a reconfigurable Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) with a dual-core processor. The MBD development of PQ algorithms, automatic code generation, and compilation form a rapid algorithm prototyping and implementation path for PQ measurements. The main advantage of this approach is the ability to focus on the design, validation, and testing stages while skipping over implementation issues. The code generation process renders production-ready code that can be easily used on the target hardware. This is especially important when standards for PQ measurement are in constant development, and the PQ issues in emerging smart grids will require tools for rapid development and implementation of such algorithms.

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Rapid algorithm prototyping and implementation for power quality measurement

This paper describes an approach and implementation of a group of toolkits which are capable of converting and embedding a simulation model into an industrial target application. The method allows for Simulink discrete-time models to be automatically converted and executed in realtime as Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system modules or as subroutine blocks in the PLC leader diagram folder. This provides viability of the toolkits for rapid control prototyping for industrial applications. A number of examples illustrate the concept.

Simulation and real-time control: from Simulink to industrial applications

Presents an integrated environment which fills a gap between control system design and the real-time implementation of control algorithms. The integrated environment uses a standard hardware platform, a standard operating system and a computer-aided control design system as a design tool. This paper focuses on the application of a rapid-prototyping toolbox which automatically generates real-time code for Windows 95/98/NT operating systems. The code is created from the Simulink model of the controller. The real-time properties of the control system are analysed. The inverted pendulum control example is used to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed solution.

Rapid prototyping environment for real-time control education

The attention is focused on the Windows operating system (OS) used as a control and measurementenvironment. Windows OS due to extensions becomes a real-time OS (RTOS).Benefits and drawbacks of typical software extensions are compared. As far as hardwaresolutions are concerned the field programmable gate arrays FPGA technology is proposed toensure fast time-critical operations. FPGA-based parallel execution and hardware implementationof the data processing algorithms significantly outperform the classical microprocessoroperating modes. Suitability of the RTOS for a particular application and FPGA hardwaremaintenance is studied.

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Krzysztof Kołek

Papers

Rapid algorithm prototyping and implementation for power quality measurement

Simulation and real-time control: from Simulink to industrial applications

Rapid prototyping environment for real-time control education

Fpga as a part of ms windows control environment

Autonomous, reconfigurable mobile vehicle with rapid control prototyping functionality