Preparation and evaluation of stable nanofluids for heat transfer application: A review

Nanofluids are described as a relatively new kind of colloidal solutions with a particle size smaller than one billionth of a meter (1–100 nm) suspended in the base fluid so as to enhance the thermophysical properties, which makes them an obvious choice for use in number of commercial applications including engineering, medical sciences, biotechnology, agriculture technology, transportation etc. With the advancement in nanotechnology during last few years, scientific community focuses on improvising combustion behavior, stability aspects, various engine performance parameters and emission characteristics of conventional diesel engine using nanoparticle laden diesel biodiesel fuel blends. Most recently few experimental works on above issues using nanosized metallic, non-metallic, organic and mixed particles in the base liquid fuel for diesel engine have appeared in the open literature. The obtained results are very encouraging due to multifold enhancement in thermo physical and chemical properties of modified fuel such as high surface to volume ratio, high reactive medium for combustion, enhanced heat and mass transport properties due to high thermal conductivity, improvement in flash point, fire point, pour point etc depending upon the type of nanoparticles used, their particle size and concentration with base fuel. Despite having all superiorities, somewhat unclear and contradictory results are found in the literature, further the experimental results of different researchers are not generalized so far as to reach at common consensus about this new approach of fuel modification. Keeping all these facts in mind, a serious attempt has been made to summarize the important published work on combustion and stability aspects of nanoparticle laden diesel, biodiesel fuels and their blends, and its effects on fuel and engine overall characteristics with the objective to provide a pathway to conduct further research in this area for utilizing maximum potential of nanoparticle fuel emulsion technology and to provide a promising future fuel for diesel engine.

A comprehensive review on combustion and stability aspects of metal nanoparticles and its additive effect on diesel and biodiesel fuelled C.I. engine.

This review article presents an overview of the remarkable research progress on graphene based nanofluids and nanolubricants witnessed in the recent years. Graphene flakes have been investigated worldwide as an additive for coolants and lubricants due to their excellent thermo-physical and tribological properties. As a result, we have highlighted various synthesis methods, characterization techniques and properties measurement procedures that have been experimented and developed. Moreover, factors affecting the stability, thermal conductivity, viscosity and tribological properties of various nanoparticle based formulations have been delineated in detail. Although very few mechanisms have been proposed to explain the enhancement of thermal conductivity, viscosity and anti-wear behavior of graphene nanolubricants/nanofluids, some key concerns have been presented. This exhaustive review along with the critical comments and recommendations provided could be useful for future directions in this research field.

Graphene based nanofluids and nanolubricants – Review of recent developments

This paper presents the stability analysis of Al2O3/water nanofluid. The stability is investigated with the help of zeta potential and visual inspection methods. The effects of pH and sonication ti...

https://tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17458080.2017.1285445

L. G. Girgis

Papers

Stability and electrical conductivity of water-base Al2O3 nanofluids for different applications

Aluminous cements containing magnesium aluminate spinel from Egyptian dolomite

Effect of CTAB as a foaming agent on the properties of alumina ceramic membranes

Alumina–zircon refractory materials for lining of the basin of glass furnaces: Effect of processing technique and TiO2 addition

Synthesis of anatase nano wire and its application as a functional top layer for alumina membrane