Aim Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is a serious disorder leading to and maintaining pertinent personal and social impairment. IGD has to be considered in view of heterogeneous and incomplete concepts. We therefore reviewed the scientific literature on IGD to provide an overview focusing on definitions, symptoms, prevalence, and aetiology. Method We systematically reviewed the databases ERIC, PsyARTICLES, PsycINFO, PSYNDEX, and PubMed for the period January 1991 to August 2016, and additionally identified secondary references. Results The proposed definition in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition provides a good starting point for diagnosing IGD but entails some disadvantages. Developing IGD requires several interacting internal factors such as deficient self, mood and reward regulation, problems of decision-making, and external factors such as deficient family background and social skills. In addition, specific game-related factors may promote IGD. Summarizing aetiological knowledge, we suggest an integrated model of IGD elucidating the interplay of internal and external factors. Interpretation So far, the concept of IGD and the pathways leading to it are not entirely clear. In particular, long-term follow-up studies are missing. IGD should be understood as an endangering disorder with a complex psychosocial background. What this paper adds In representative samples of children and adolescents, on average, 2% are affected by Internet gaming disorder (IGD). The mean prevalences (overall, clinical samples included) reach 5.5%. Definitions are heterogeneous and the relationship with substance-related addictions is inconsistent. Many aetiological factors are related to the development and maintenance of IGD. This review presents an integrated model of IGD, delineating the interplay of these factors.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/dmcn.13754

Internet gaming disorder in children and adolescents: a systematic review.

The Role of Orbitofrontal Cortex in Drug Addiction : A Review of Preclinical Studies. Commentary

Internet and Video Game Addictions: Diagnosis, Epidemiology, and Neurobiology

© The Royal College of Psychiatrists 2019. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

/pdf/cognitive-deficits-in-problematic-internet-use-meta-analysis-1dax0j2jtm.pdf

Cognitive deficits in problematic internet use : meta-analysis of 40 studies

Backgrounds
More males than females play video games and develop problems with gaming. However, little is known regarding how males and females who game on the Internet may differ with respect to neural responses to gaming cues.

/pdf/gender-related-differences-in-neural-responses-to-gaming-59q67eecvb.pdf

Gender-related differences in neural responses to gaming cues before and after gaming: implications for gender-specific vulnerabilities to Internet gaming disorder

Cognitive control and reward/loss processing in Internet gaming disorder: Results from a comparison with recreational Internet game-users.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/1FAA239D99CD0CF67BB2E7D9CC3B8CEB/S092493380006822Xa.pdf/div-class-title-dysfunctional-default-mode-network-and-executive-control-network-in-people-with-internet-gaming-disorder-independent-component-analysis-under-a-probability-discounting-task-div.pdf

Dysfunctional default mode network and executive control network in people with Internet gaming disorder: Independent component analysis under a probability discounting task.

L. Wang

Papers

Cognitive control and reward/loss processing in Internet gaming disorder: Results from a comparison with recreational Internet game-users.

Dysfunctional default mode network and executive control network in people with Internet gaming disorder: Independent component analysis under a probability discounting task.