A review on laser cladding of high-entropy alloys, their recent trends and potential applications

Machine learning for biochemical engineering: A review

Find the secret to improve the quality of life by reading this to the bone. This is a kind of book that you need now. Besides, it can be your favorite book to read after having this book. Do you ask why? Well, this is a book that has different characteristic with others. You may not need to know who the author is, how well-known the work is. As wise word, never judge the words from who speaks, but make the words as your good value to your life.

to the bone

There is a tremendous increase in the demand for converting biomaterials into high-quality industrially manufactured human body parts, also known as medical implants. Drug delivery systems, bone plates, screws, cranial, and dental devices are the popular examples of these implants - the potential alternatives for human life survival. However, the processing techniques of an engineered implant largely determine its preciseness, surface characteristics, and interactive ability with the adjacent tissue(s) in a particular biological environment. Moreover, the high cost-effective manufacturing of an implant under tight tolerances remains a challenge. In this regard, several subtractive or additive manufacturing techniques are employed to manufacture patient-specific implants, depending primarily on the required biocompatibility, bioactivity, surface integrity, and fatigue strength. The present paper reviews numerous non-degradable and degradable metallic implant biomaterials such as stainless steel (SS), titanium (Ti)-based, cobalt (Co)-based, nickel-titanium (NiTi), and magnesium (Mg)-based alloys, followed by their processing via traditional turning, drilling, and milling including the high-speed multi-axis CNC machining, and non-traditional abrasive water jet machining (AWJM), laser beam machining (LBM), ultrasonic machining (USM), and electric discharge machining (EDM) types of subtractive manufacturing techniques. However, the review further funnels down its primary focus on Mg, NiTi, and Ti-based alloys on the basis of the increasing trend of their implant applications in the last decade due to some of their outstanding properties. In the recent years, the incorporation of cryogenic coolant-assisted traditional subtraction of biomaterials has gained researchers' attention due to its sustainability, environment-friendly nature, performance, and superior biocompatible and functional outcomes fitting for medical applications. However, some of the latest studies reported that the medical implant manufacturing requirements could be more remarkably met using the non-traditional subtractive manufacturing approaches. Altogether, cryogenic machining among the traditional routes and EDM among the non-traditional means along with their variants, were identified as some of the most effective subtractive manufacturing techniques for achieving the dimensionally accurate and biocompatible metallic medical implants with significantly modified surfaces. 

/pdf/a-comprehensive-review-on-metallic-implant-biomaterials-and-1jejcof2.pdf

A comprehensive review on metallic implant biomaterials and their subtractive manufacturing

Since the advent in 2004, high-entropy alloys (HEAs) have become an attraction for the world and applied in the extensive engineering fields due to their outstanding properties. These materials are exhibiting their potentiality for challenging conditions where coatings are applied through laser deposition technology. Laser deposition techniques containing laser cladding (LC), laser surface alloying (LSA), and laser surface remelting (LSR) are the modern technologies that can be applied for surface modification through HEAs. Nobler properties of the LC-HEA depositions over the conventional alloys have further explored this field in the last few years. Here, this paper provides a comprehensive state-of-the-art review for LC-HEA-based coatings, focusing on the use of laser deposition technique for HEAs, the effect of laser process parameters on mechanical properties, and microstructural evolution. The mechanical characteristics include but are not limited to hardness, wear, corrosion, and erosion resistance are discussed, with regard to their microstructure and phase composition. Besides, the existing problems, possible future developments regarding the LC-HEA depositions are predicted. Due to excellent mechanical properties and functional potential as well as a variety of element constitutions for HEA designing, laser-assisted depositions containing blended HEAs as feedstock material will have promising applications prospects in the field of material science and engineering.

Laser deposition of high-entropy alloys: A comprehensive review

Depending on the requirements of specific applications, implanted materials including metals, ceramics, and polymers have been used in various disciplines of medicine. Titanium and its alloys as implant materials play a critical role in the orthopedic and dental procedures. However, they still require the utilization of surface modification technologies to not only achieve the robust osteointegration but also to increase the antibacterial properties, which can avoid the implant-related infections. This article aims to provide a summary of the latest advances in surface modification techniques, of titanium and its alloys, specifically in biomedical applications. These surface techniques include plasma spray, physical vapor deposition, sol-gel, micro-arc oxidation, etc. Moreover, the microstructure evolution is comprehensively discussed, which is followed by enhanced mechanical properties, osseointegration, antibacterial properties, and clinical outcomes. Future researches should focus on the combination of multiple methods or improving the structure and composition of the composite coating to further enhance the coating performance.

/pdf/surface-modification-techniques-of-titanium-and-its-alloys-klwoc8xja1.pdf

Surface Modification Techniques of Titanium and its Alloys to Functionally Optimize Their Biomedical Properties: Thematic Review.

With the continuous progress and development in the biomedicine field, metallic biomedical materials have attracted the considerable attention of researchers, but the related procedures need to be further developed. Since the traditional metal implant materials are not highly compatible with the human body, the modern materials with excellent mechanical properties and proper biocompatibility should be developed urgently in order to solve any adverse reactions caused by the long-term implantations. The advent of the high-entropy alloy (HEA) as an innovative and advanced idea emerged to develop the medical implant materials through the specific HEA designs. The properties of these HEA materials can be predicted and regulated. In this paper, the progression and application of titanium-based HEAs, as well as their preparation and biological evaluation methods, are comprehensively reviewed. Additionally, the prospects for the development and use of these alloys in implant applications are put forward.

/pdf/research-progress-of-titanium-based-high-entropy-alloy-2os845ru51.pdf

Research Progress of Titanium-Based High Entropy Alloy: Methods, Properties, and Applications.

Ti185 alloy is widely used in key industrial fields such as aerospace due to its excellent mechanical properties. The traditional method of preparing Ti185 alloy will inevitably appear “β fleck”, resulting in the decrease of mechanical properties, and the high price of V element limits the wide application of Ti185. In this paper, a low-cost master alloy V-Fe powder is used, a dense block is prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) technology, and a high-performance Ti185 alloy is prepared by controlling the sintering parameters. XRD and SEM were used to investigate the phase and microstructure of the samples prepared under different parameters. The compressive strength and friction properties of the directly prepared samples were studied. The samples with a sintering temperature of 1350 °C and a holding time of 30 min exhibited the most excellent comprehensive performance, with the highest compressive strength and lowest friction coefficient of 1931.59 MPa and 0.47, respectively.

Lanjie Li

Papers

Surface Modification Techniques of Titanium and its Alloys to Functionally Optimize Their Biomedical Properties: Thematic Review.

Research Progress of Titanium-Based High Entropy Alloy: Methods, Properties, and Applications.

Effects of sintering temperature and holding time on microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti−1Al−8V−5Fe prepared by spark plasma sintering