Lars-Göran Lindberg

TL;DR: The results provide evidence that it is possible to monitor respiratory and heart rates using the reflection mode of photoplethysmography (PPG), and the method is suitable for the observation of both adults and neonates, in hospitals as well as in other environments.

TL;DR: The results indicate that the intensity of the needling is of importance, the DeQi stimulation resulting in the most pronounced increase in both skin and muscle blood flow.

TL;DR: The intensity of stimulation should be taken into consideration when applying local needle stimulation (acupuncture) in order to increase the trapezius muscleBlood flow in chronic pain conditions is increased and the different patterns of muscle blood flow response to the needling may mirror a state of increased sympathetic activity and a generalized hypersensitivity in patients.

TL;DR: The results of this study indicate the potentiality of the PPG method for non-invasive measurement of local muscle perfusion, although some considerations still have to be accounted for, such as influence of temperature on blood perfusion.

TL;DR: Analysis of the measurement results provided evidence that the use of shorter wavelengths in PPG (AC) for monitoring skin perfusion changes could be applicable, and temperature-dependent optical characteristics of blood-free skin tissue may explain the limited ability of the DC component of PPG to monitor skin perfusions changes.