Plastic debris 1900 fibers per wash. This suggests that a large proportion of microplastic fibers found in the marine environment may be derived from sewage as a consequence of washing of clothes. As the human population grows and people use more synthetic textiles, contamination of habitats and animals by microplastic is likely to increase.

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Accumulation of Microplastic on Shorelines Woldwide: Sources and Sinks

/pdf/accumulations-of-microplastic-on-shorelines-worldwide-umd7tpzfat.pdf

Accumulations of microplastic on shorelines worldwide: sources and sinks

https://www.sjsu.edu/people/steven.lee/courses/c3/s2/New%20Non%20destructive%20confirmatory%20tests-1.pdf

Analysis of body fluids for forensic purposes: from laboratory testing to non-destructive rapid confirmatory identification at a crime scene.

Raman spectroscopy: Recent advancements, techniques and applications

Microplastic fibers make up a large proportion of microplastics found in the environment, especially in urban areas. There is good reason to consider synthetic textiles a major source of microplastic fibers, and it will not diminish since the use of synthetic fabrics, especially polyester, continues to increase. In this study we provide quantitative data regarding the size and mass of microplastic fibers released from synthetic (polyester) textiles during simulated home washing under controlled laboratory conditions. Consideration of fabric structure and washing conditions (use of detergents, temperature, wash duration, and sequential washings) allowed us to study the propensity of fiber shedding in a mechanistic way. Thousands of individual fibers were measured (number, length) from each wash solution to provide a robust data set on which to draw conclusions. Among all the variables tested, the use of detergent appeared to affect the total mass of fibers released the most, yet the detergent composition (...

/pdf/polyester-textiles-as-a-source-of-microplastics-from-46sxifvr1h.pdf

Polyester Textiles as a Source of Microplastics from Households: A Mechanistic Study to Understand Microfiber Release During Washing

In search of blood—Detection of minute particles using spectroscopic methods

Application of Raman spectroscopy to forensic fibre cases

Structural and electrical properties of tellurovanadate glasses containing Li2O

Studies on mural paintings from the Tournai Cathedral (Belgium) were carried out by micro-Raman spectroscopy. The analyses were performed on micro-samples extracted from the remaining paintings and architectonic decorations, and concerned the pigments, the binders and, in some case, the stratigraphy. The palette was established and various pigments were identified, according to the Romanesque and Gothic periods. Red color was largely made of iron oxides. Lapis lazuli was also found in abundance, mainly on the areas that are assigned by historians to the Romanesque period. The green pigments revealed the use of atacamite and posnjakite. It was also found that some of the paint layers were applied using egg yolk as binding medium. These layers cover the stone above a very thin coating made of gypsum and chalk. The presence of oxalates was often noticed. This can be related to aging due to degradation of chalk by aggressive lichen, but also as result of a degradation of organic substances applied during past restorations. The gypsum is also altered by partial or complete dehydration, thereby damaging the artwork on which the painting is based. In humid conditions, iron oxide could be transformed in its hydrolyzed counterpart, whose Raman spectrum was often observed. Finally, a stratigraphic analysis was carried out on a multilayer fragment from the outside whitewash of the Cathedral, and despite a clear visual difference in morphology, each layer showed surprisingly the same chemical composition. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Laurent Lepot

Papers

In search of blood—Detection of minute particles using spectroscopic methods

Application of Raman spectroscopy to forensic fibre cases

Structural and electrical properties of tellurovanadate glasses containing Li2O

The technique of the mural paintings of the Tournai Cathedral

Evaluation of the shedding potential of textile materials