หนงสอ Behavioral Game Theory: Experiments in Strategic Interaction เขยนโดย Colin F. Camerer มวตถประสงคเพอนำเสนอหลกฐานเชงประจกษจากผลการวจยจำนวนมากมายทยนยนอทธพลของปจจยทางจตวทยาทมผลตอการตดสนใจตามทฤษฎเกม หนงสอ เลมนไดนำเสนอแนวคดทฤษฎทเพมความสามารถในการอธบายพฤตกรรมการตดสนใจตามทฤษฎเกม (Game theory) ซง von Neumann; & Morgenstern ไดเสนอไวในป ค.ศ. 1944 โดยชใหเหนวา ปจจยทางจตวทยามอทธพลทำใหการตดสนใจทเกดขนจรงคลาดเคลอนจากการคาดการณของทฤษฎเกม

Behavioral Game Theory: Experiments in Strategic Interaction

(2002). Getting to Yes: Negotiating Agreement without Giving in. Quality Management Journal: Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 73-74.

Getting to Yes: Negotiating Agreement without Giving in

In this paper we present a broad overview of the last 40 years of research on cognitive architectures To date, the number of existing architectures has reached several hundred, but most of the existing surveys do not reflect this growth and instead focus on a handful of well-established architectures In this survey we aim to provide a more inclusive and high-level overview of the research on cognitive architectures Our final set of 84 architectures includes 49 that are still actively developed, and borrow from a diverse set of disciplines, spanning areas from psychoanalysis to neuroscience To keep the length of this paper within reasonable limits we discuss only the core cognitive abilities, such as perception, attention mechanisms, action selection, memory, learning, reasoning and metareasoning In order to assess the breadth of practical applications of cognitive architectures we present information on over 900 practical projects implemented using the cognitive architectures in our list We use various visualization techniques to highlight the overall trends in the development of the field In addition to summarizing the current state-of-the-art in the cognitive architecture research, this survey describes a variety of methods and ideas that have been tried and their relative success in modeling human cognitive abilities, as well as which aspects of cognitive behavior need more research with respect to their mechanistic counterparts and thus can further inform how cognitive science might progress

/pdf/40-years-of-cognitive-architectures-core-cognitive-abilities-1du0zlp1df.pdf

40 years of cognitive architectures: core cognitive abilities and practical applications

Rise of the Picture Press: Photographic Reportage in Illustrated Magazines 1918-1939 International Center for Photography New York, New York March 27 - June 16 "Rise of the Picture Press: Photographic Reportage in Illustrated Magazines 1918-1939," held at the International Center for Photography (ICP) in New York City, took as its subject large-format illustrated magazines produced in Europe and the United States between the World Wars, including examples of well-known publications such as Harp Harper's Weekly, Life, Picture Post, Match and Vu; as well as lesser known publications such as USSR In Construction, Let's Produce!, BIZ (Berliner Illustrirte Zeitung), Muncher Illustrirte Presse, Voila, Lilliput, Look and Regards. Work by several now-canonized art photographers appeared in the exhibit, including Bill Brandt, Brassai, Alexander Rodchenko, El Lissitzky, Andre Kertesz, John Heartfield, Man Ray, Margaret Bourke-White and Robert Capa, to name just a few. However, the work of these photographers blended relatively smoothly into the larger context of the exhibit, which is to say that name-recognition was, for the most part, sacrificed to the social, historical and formal contribution of illustrated magazines. In fact, the exhibition organizers, Christopher Phillips and Venessa Rocco, and the exhibition designers Julie Ault and Martin Beck highlighted the collaborative nature 'of illustrated magazines by defining the different roles played by photographers, writers, editors, layout designers and various press agencies in determining the look and content of the end product. They also included wall text showcasing Stephan Lorant and Henry Luce, the most prominent and influential editor and publisher, respectively, of illustrated magazines at the time. The most provocative example highlighting the collaborative nature of magazine work, however, was the wall-sized mural of marked-up contact sheets from a photo-essay entitled "How the Picture Post is Produced" that ran on December 24, 1938. The enlarged contact sheets show editor Stephan Lorant sorting through newswire photographs at his desk; men and women working the printing presses, collating the pages and finally bundl ing up the finished product. Next to the wall mural, in a small case, the issue in which the story originally appeared was opened to reveal the first two-page spread of the essay, in which one of the pictures of Lorant, circled in yellow on the wall mural (and thus probably selected by Lorant himself), leads the story. This kind of innovative exhibition design was unfortunately not consistent throughout the entire show. Most ineffective was a large section of the exhibit in which framed spreads from the magazines jutted out from the wall. Some of these displays appeared beneath a row of images at eye-level, placed flush with the wall, but others were placed above those at eye-level, making the images, and especially the print, barely legible. At first I dismissed this slight annoyance and vowed to have my eyesight checked until I noticed several other visitors experiencing the same difficulty. A quibble hardly worth mentioning except that it raised questions about how one might ideally display such printed matter without doing irreparable damage to the essential character and context of the magazine format. This commentary is not meant to diminish the accomplishment of "Rise of the Picture Press," for it takes on a body of material often neglected by museums and galleries. While there have been several major exhibits in the last five years focusing on photojournalism or the work of particular photojournalists, the material selected for this exhibit is different. Primarily because the photographs on display are shown in their original context of the magazine, rather than reprinted and framed as single images hung separately on the wall without text, save the typical wall-label identifying artist, title and date. …

A Second Look

In everyday life, people make use of theory of mind by explicitly attributing unobservable mental content such as beliefs, desires, and intentions to others. Humans are known to be able to use this ability recursively. That is, they engage in higher-order theory of mind, and consider what others believe about their own beliefs. In this paper, we use agent-based computational models to investigate the evolution of higher-order theory of mind. We consider higher-order theory of mind across four different competitive games, including repeated single-shot and repeated extensive form games, and determine the advantage of higher-order theory of mind agents over their lower-order theory of mind opponents. Across these four games, we find a common pattern in which first-order and second-order theory of mind agents clearly outperform opponents that are more limited in their ability to make use of theory of mind, while the advantage for deeper recursion to third-order theory of mind is limited in comparison.

How much does it help to know what she knows you know? An agent-based simulation study (abstract)

https://www.ai.rug.nl/~niels/publications/paper985.pdf

I do know what you think I think: Second-order theory of mind in strategic games is not that difficult

Reasoning about false beliefs of others develops with age. We present here an ACT-R model in order to show the developmental transitions. These start from a child’s reasoning from his/her own point of view (zero-order) to taking into consideration another agent’s beliefs (first-order), and later to taking into consideration another agent’s beliefs about again other agents’ beliefs (second-order). The model is based on a combination of rule-based and simulation approaches. We modeled the gradual development of reasoning about false beliefs of others by using activation of declarative knowledge instead of utility learning. Initially, in addition to the story facts, there is only one strategy chunk, namely a zero-order reasoning chunk, in declarative memory. The model retrieves this chunk each time it has to solve a problem. Based on the feedback, the model will strengthen a successful strategy chunk, or it will add or strengthen an alternative strategy if the current one failed.

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Modeling developmental transitions in reasoning about false beliefs of others.

http://www.jakubszymanik.com/papers/AlternationsMDGfinal.pdf

Using intrinsic complexity of turn-taking games to predict participants' reaction times

https://bi.snu.ac.kr/Courses/cogsci15f/2nd%20order%20of%20theory%20of%20mind.pdf

Savvy software agents can encourage the use of second-order theory of mind by negotiators

https://www.isichennai.res.in/~sujata/papers/2015-cogsci.pdf

Laurina Verbrugge

Papers

I do know what you think I think: Second-order theory of mind in strategic games is not that difficult

Modeling developmental transitions in reasoning about false beliefs of others.

Using intrinsic complexity of turn-taking games to predict participants' reaction times

Savvy software agents can encourage the use of second-order theory of mind by negotiators

How do adults reason about their opponent?: Typologies of players in a turn-taking game