2646 Objectives Higher education globally rarely experiences long periods of stasis. Strategic approaches and priorities evolve to respond to global economic and academic trends; globilisation. One aspect of globalisation is internationalisation; a strategic approach adopted by higher education institutions to respond to the global market. Methods While an institution may adopt any number of approaches to internationalisation, this poster presents an insight into the motivations and initiatives employed by two regional universities. Results Charles Sturt University in rural Australia has 6 major campuses over a large area, several metropolitan campuses plus campuses in Canada and South East Asia; serving 38000 students in 400 programs. The nuclear medicine program offers a four year undergraduate degree, masters degree courses, and research higher degree programs. Local graduates of nuclear medicine programs at CSU are employed across Australia, New Zealand and Europe in the main. Wheeling Jesuit University is a regional campus located in West Virginia serving 1500 students in 50 programs. The nuclear medicine program offers a four year undergraduate degree. Local graduates of nuclear medicine programs at WJU are employed across the USA in the main. Conclusions CSU and WJU have both independent and collaborative internationalisation strategies that have successfully delivered graduate attributes and competencies in global citizenship, knowledge transfer, curriculum diversity and sustainability, and graduate mobility. This has largely been driven by concordance of core education philosophies and industry demand for mobilisation. Furthermore, these initiatives have contributed to academic collaboration with both individual and team competencies in global citizenship, international knowledge economy, skill diversity, academic sustainability, and academic mobility.

Internationalisation in higher education

Purpose - To study the quality in higher education in Cambodia and explore the potential factors leading to quality in Cambodian higher education. 

Design/methodology/approach

 - Five main factors that were deemed relevant in providing quality in Cambodian higher education were proposed: academic curriculum and extra-curricular activities, teachers' qualification and methods, funding and tuition, school facilities, and interactive network. These five propositions were used to compare Shu-Te University, Taiwan with the top five universities in Cambodia. The data came in the forms of questionnaire and desk research. Descriptive analytical approach is then carried out to describe these five factors. 

Findings

 - Only 6 per cent of lecturers hold PhD degree and about 85 per cent never published any papers; some private universities charge as low as USD200 per academic year, there is almost no donation from international organizations, and annual government funding on higher education sector nationwide in 2005 was only about USD3.67 million; even though there is a library at each university, books, study materials etc. are not up-to-date and inadequate; 90 per cent of the lecturers never have technical discussion or meeting and about 60 per cent of students felt that their teachers did not have time for them to consult with. 

Originality/value

 - A useful insight was gained into the perceived importance of quality in higher education that can stimulate debate and discussion on the role of government in building the standard quality in higher education. Also, the findings from this research can assist in the development of a framework of developing human resource.

Benchmarking potential factors leading to education quality : a study of Cambodian higher education

This research describes and analyses how smallholder crop livestock farmers in rural Ea Kar, Vietnam, were able to take advantage of the rising demand for meat in urban centres and transform cattle production from a traditional, extensive grazing system to a more intensive, stall-fed system that supplied quality meat to urban markets. The traditional grazing system produced low-quality animals that could only be sold for local consumption. Introduction of the concept of farm-grown fodder production enabled farmers to produce fatter animals, achieving higher sale prices, and reduce labour inputs by moving from grazing to stall-feeding. These benefits convinced farmers, traders and local government that smallholder cattle production could be a viable enterprise and so stimulated stakeholder interest. Within 10 years, the way that cattle were produced and marketed changed considerably. By 2010, more than 3,000 smallholders had adopted farm-grown forages and stall-feeding, and many produced high-quality beef ...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/14735903.2013.779074

Transformation of smallholder beef cattle production in Vietnam

The wider use and improved performance of planted tropical forages can substantially change social, economic and environmental landscapes. By reviewing impact-related studies published in the past two decades, this paper shows how evolving development priorities have influenced the types of impacts being documented. A meta-analysis was used to examine 98 studies according to: (i) breadth of reported effects, as related to development goals of social equity, economic growth and environmental sustainability; (ii) extent of effects, ranging from intermediate to longer-term impacts; and (iii) measurement precision (identification, description or quantification) of impacts. Impacts have been assessed for fewer than half of the documented 118 Mha with improved forages. Although Brazil accounts for 86% of the known planted area, widespread irregular reporting of technology adoption affects accuracy of global estimates. Over 80% of the impact-related studies reported economic effects, while fewer than 20% were quantitative estimates of longer-term economic impacts. Inconsistent valuation methods and assumptions prevented valid summation of total economic impacts. Social effects were reported in fewer than 60% of studies and emphasized household-level outcomes on gender and labor, with most reported effects being non-quantitative. Environmental effects were reported slightly more often than social effects, with recent increases in quantitative estimates of carbon accumulation. Few studies analyzed tradeoffs. Independent reviewers conducted approximately 15% of the studies. Newer development priorities of environmental sustainability, system intensification, organizational participation and innovation capacities require broader approaches to assess impacts. Increased marketing and coordination with development and environmental organizations can generate greater demands for improved forages.

/pdf/global-impacts-from-improved-tropical-forages-a-meta-1trl6xb3z7.pdf

Global impacts from improved tropical forages: a meta-analysis revealing overlooked benefits and costs, evolving values and new priorities.

Tree legumes are an underexploited resource in warm-climate silvopastures. Perceived benefits of tree legumes include provisioning (browse/mast, timber, fuel, human food, natural medicines, and ornamentals), regulating (C sequestration, greenhouse gas mitigation, soil erosion control and riparian buffers, shade, windbreaks, and habitat for pollinators), supporting (biological N2-fixation, nutrient cycling, soil fertility and soil health, photosynthesis, and primary productivity), and cultural ecosystem services. Tree legumes, however, have not been assessed to the same extent as herbaceous legumes. Once tree legumes are [...]

https://www.rbz.org.br/wp-content/uploads/articles_xml/1806-9290-rbz-46-08-0689/1806-9290-rbz-46-08-0689.pdf

Tree legumes: an underexploited resource in warm-climate silvopastures

The social and other impacts of a cattle/crop innovation in Cambodia

Cambodia’s higher education is under development. This is the first study of the role of women teaching in a university in Cambodia. There has been many studies of academic women in western countries and these guided the 16 interviews in Khmer that were carried out by young female researchers, translated by them and then analysed with the assistance of NVivo. Becoming an academic for many Cambodian women meant support from their parents and others close to them. Receipt of an international scholarship may have been critical. Perhaps the most important issue for these academic women was the need to balance demands on their time. Teaching hours could be negotiated, potentially at least, but only where the student numbers warranted it. An affirmative action approach appears to have developed at one of the two universities. Areas for future research are identified.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/2331186X.2015.1042215

Becoming and being academic women in Cambodia: Cultural and other understandings

Cambodia's higher education is under development. This is the first study of the role of women teaching in a university in Cambodia. There has been many studies of academic women in western countries and these guided the 16 interviews in Khmer that were carried out by young female researchers, translated by them and then analysed with the assistance of NVivo. Becoming an academic for many Cambodian women meant support from their parents and others close to them. Receipt of an international scholarship may have been critical. Perhaps the most important issue for these academic women was the need to balance demands on their time. Teaching hours could be negotiated, potentially at least, but only where the student numbers warranted it. An affirmative action approach appears to have developed at one of the two universities. Areas for future research are identified.

Leakhna Peou

Papers

The social and other impacts of a cattle/crop innovation in Cambodia

Becoming and being academic women in Cambodia: Cultural and other understandings

STUDENT LEARNING, CHILDHOOD & VOICES | RESEARCH ARTICLE Becoming and being academic women in Cambodia: Cultural and other understandings