Objetivo: concepcao de um sistema computacional inteligente para interligar o paciente em sua casa e os profissionais de saude, por meio da integracao de diversos servicos relacionados ao monitoramento remoto da saude do paciente. Metodo: analise das principais experiencias e trabalhos relacionados a area de computacao ubiqua na assistencia domiciliar a saude, em conjunto com especialistas da area de saude, com o objetivo de identificar os requisitos essenciais que devem ser tratados para a viabilizacao de um sistema dessa classe. Resultados: um sistema com uma arquitetura flexivel que integra uma infraestrutura de sensores, dispositivos, e servicos inteligentes para (i) continua identificacao da situacao de saude do paciente e envio de alertas; (ii) envio de notificacoes e lembretes direcionados ao paciente e associados ao plano de cuidados, elaborado pelo profissional de saude. Um prototipo implementado com foco na manipulacao de dados de pressao arterial e frequencia cardiaca e apresentado para demonstrar a viabilidade da proposta. Conclusao: o sistema proposto executa servicos integrados que permitem o acompanhamento continuo da evolucao do tratamento do paciente em sua casa.

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Sistema de computação ubíqua na assistência domiciliar à saúde

The SMAI uses Android mobile applications as the infrastructure to monitor elderly patients with chronic degenerative disease that present functional loss. The objectives are: (i) making the caregiver communication with the health team more agile; (ii) reducing caregiver's stress; (iii) providing the health team information about the patient's condition more often in an organized manner, facilitating decision-making. Applications are developed under the guidance of the health team and assessed in a quasi-randomized clinical trial with 30 + 30 patients accompanied by NAI/UERJ.

SMAI - Mobile System for Elderly Monitoring

Service-oriented systems are performed in a highly dynamic and heterogeneous environment to achieve a user's business requirements. In this paper, we introduce a case-based reasoning approach to improve the system's fault-tolerant ability meeting the end-to-end Quality-of-Service QoS constraints. We consider and quantify the fault information and QoS information together in a case. In addition, one case also includes one solution to cope with the corresponding fault. When a new fault occurs, its failure symptoms are extracted and matched against the case base to look for the most similar case. Furthermore, solution templates are presented considering the business process structure features. We also develop an influential region-based algorithm to minimise the handle cost. Based on our proposed method, a fault-tolerant framework is implemented. Comprehensive experiments are conducted employing a real QoS dataset and the experimental results show that our approach improves the fault-tolerant capability encouragingly.

A fault-tolerant framework for QoS-aware web service composition via case-based reasoning

Pervasive home health care applications require an infrastructure of specialized hardware and software capable of collecting and processing data from the patient and the environment. We present here a remote monitoring home health care prototype, whose patients, following a prescribed care plan, have their data (physiological and activity) collected by sensors and analyzed to identify their health status. The information is stored in a local database and transmitted to a central supervisory station, which is able to respond to emergency situations. This prototype is part of a Remote Assisted Living Health Care System project, which integrates various key aspects regarding the telemonitoring of patients at home. Resumo. Aplicacoes pervasivas de assistencia domiciliar a saude exigem uma infraestrutura especializada de hardware e software capaz de coletar e processar dados do paciente e do ambiente. Apresentamos neste artigo um prototipo de monitoramento remoto em ambiente domiciliar, cujo paciente, seguindo prescricoes definidas num plano de cuidados, tem seus dados (fisiologicos e atividade) coletados por sensores e analisados para a identificacao da sua situacao de saude. As informacoes sao armazenadas localmente e transmitidas para uma central de supervisao capaz de atender a situacoes de emergencia. Este prototipo e parte do projeto de um Sistema de Assistencia Domiciliar a Saude, o qual integra diversos aspectos relevantes ao telemonitoramento do paciente em sua casa.

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Monitoramento Remoto de Pacientes em Ambiente Domiciliar

In this text we identify relevant adaptation issues concerning the software architecture of a system for intelligent health monitoring of a person at home. Our solution integrates medical knowledge, patient's physiological and behavioral data, and environmental conditions. The designed software architecture includes modules for context management, alarm generation, reasoning and learning. A fuzzy logic model, and rules based on medical recommendations, helps analyzing and identifying critical situations of the patient. In this scenario, ubiquitous computing has an important role allowing the non-intrusive monitoring of several relevant context variables. Considering this infrastructure, we argue that configuration management and context management are key mechanisms to support the adaptation requirements of the target class of applications. Finally, we describe our approach towards tackling the related architecture adaptation issues.

Adaptation issues in software architectures of remote health care systems

We present an architecture that includes two essential services to compose the supporting infrastructure required by context-aware applications: a Context Service, that provides access to context information, and a Discovery Service. A reference implementation, based on Web Services technology, was used to develop a remote assisted living application, which relies on ambient sensors, placed in each room, to capture context information and on a combo medical appliance to perform blood pressure measurements on the patient, according to a care plan prescribed by a doctor. The collected set of context data may be transmitted to a monitoring centre and also interpreted locally using medical knowledge; the identification of a patient's abnormal condition can activate local actions or send an emergency message to a monitoring centre. This infrastructure can help a doctor to monitor and assist the patient while he or she is performing daily activities and may also help improving the patient's treatment compliance and quality of life.

Applying context-aware techniques to design remote assisted living applications

Ubiquitous and pervasive applications are aware of the context of the used resources. This class of application can benefit from mechanisms to discover resources (devices and sensors) that meet their requirements and mechanisms to monitor the state and provide access to the functionalities of these resources. We present an architecture that includes two essential services to compose the supporting infrastructure required by the mentioned applications: a Context Service, that provides access to context information, and a Discovery Service. Resource Agents, which encapsulate and provide access to the actual resources and sensors, are also included in the proposal. A reference implementation, based on Web Services technology, was used to develop a remote assisted living application, which relies on ambient sensors, placed in each room, to capture context information and on a combo medical appliance to perform blood pressure measurements on the patient, according to a care plan prescribed by a doctor. The collected set of context data may be transmitted to a monitoring center and also interpreted locally using medical knowledge; the identification of a patient's abnormal condition can activate local actions or send an emergency message to a monitoring center. The local infrastructure can help a doctor to monitor and assist the patient while he or she is performing daily activities. It may also help reducing hospitalization time and improving the patient’s treatment compliance and quality of life.

Using Discovery and Monitoring Services to Support Context-Aware Remote Assisted Living Applications

Fault tolerance is a constant concern in data centers where servers have to run with a minimal level of failures. Changes on the operating conditions or on server demands, and variations of the systems own failure rate have to be handled in such a way that SLAs are honored and services are not interrupted. We present an approach to handle fault tolerance requirements, based on component replication, which is supported by a context-aware infrastructure and guided by contracts that describe adaptation policies for each application. At run-time the infrastructure autonomically manages the deployment, the monitoring of resources, the maintenance of the fault tolerance requirements described in the contract, and reconfigures the application when necessary, to maintain compliance. An example with an Apache web server and replicated Tomcat servers is used to validate the approach.

Leila N. Bezerra

Papers

Applying context-aware techniques to design remote assisted living applications

Using Discovery and Monitoring Services to Support Context-Aware Remote Assisted Living Applications

Self-Adaptation of Fault Tolerance Requirements Using Contracts