Leni R. Rivera

TL;DR: Improved methods of analysis of the gut microbiome, and greater understanding of interactions between dysbiosis, diet, environmental factors and their effects on the gut–liver axis should improve the treatment of this common liver disease and its associated disorders.

TL;DR: The digestive system is innervated through its connections with the central nervous system and by the enteric nervous system (ENS), which has a major role in monitoring the state of the stomach and, in turn, controlling its contractile activity and acid secretion, through vago-vagal reflexes.

TL;DR: A major therapeutic opportunity exists to develop agents that target the receptors facing the gut lumen, and a major challenge is to develop a comprehensive understanding of the integrated responses of the gut to the sensory information it receives.

TL;DR: Nitric oxide (NO), produced by the neural nitric oxide synthase enzyme (nNOS) is a transmitter of inhibitory neurons supplying the muscle of the gastrointestinal tract, which is necessary for sphincter relaxation that allows the passage of gut contents, and for relaxation of muscle during propulsive activity in the colon.

TL;DR: Levels of dietary selenium and vitamin E greater than those usually recommended for pigs reduced intestinal leakiness caused by heat stress, suggesting that oxidative stress plays a role in compromising intestinal epithelial barrier integrity in heat‐stressed pigs and also provides a nutritional strategy for mitigating these effects.