Leo A. Bullara

TL;DR: There was little correlation between the severity of the tissue damage and the geometric charge density at the surface of the electrodes, between the damage and amplitude of the cathodic phase of the voltage transient induced across the stimulating electrodes by the stimulus current pulses, or between theDamage and the stimulus pulse duration.

TL;DR: The findings imply that multiple processes mediate the stimulation-induced depression of neuronal excitability and demonstrate that the depression can be reduced by employing a stimulus regimen in which the inherent spatial resolution of the array is maximized (sequential pulsing at an amplitude in which there is minimal overlap of the effective current fields).

TL;DR: The effects of several hours of continuous electrical stimulation in the cats' cochlear nucleus with chronically implanted activated iridium microelectrodes was investigated from the changes in the evoked response near the inferior colliculus and also by histologic evaluation of the stimulated tissue, suggesting a means of detecting impending stimulation-induced neural damage while it is still reversible.

TL;DR: In this article, a tool for inserting medical electrodes such as nerve-stimulating electrodes into tissue is described, where an electrode is positioned fully within a tip of the tool so the tip end can be placed directly against the tissue to be penetrated for precise handheld positioning.

TL;DR: Both the Pt30%Ir and the iridium microelectrodes can be operated safely at currents to at least 80 microA, charge/ph of 16 A/cm2, and a charge density of 800 microC/cm 2 X ph, however, on the basis of the electrophysiologic criteria, both types appear to be unsafe when pulsed at 320 microA.