世界経済・社会統計 = World development indicators

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1057%2Fpalgrave.ces.8100210.pdf

Multinational Firms in the World Economy

Gorikhovsky M.V. Strategic management of the farms competitiveness. Мanuscript. The dissertation for the degree of candidate of economic sciences, specialty 08.00.04 «Economics and management of the enterprises (according to the types of economic activity)». – State agrarian and engineering university in Podilya, Kamenets-Podolskyi, 2018. In the dissertation theoretical generalizations were made and the new solution for the actual scientifically-engineered task of problem concerning strategic management of competitiveness of farms is proposed. Solving this task will help strengthen the competitive position of the farms in the region with regard to direct and potential competitors. The obtained scientific results give grounds for the following conclusions. Taking into account the peculiarities of the development of the agrarian sector of the economy and the strengthening of the competitiveness of agro holdings, the existence of many obstacles and problems in the development of farms (unsatisfactory technical and technological support, under-priced sales of own products, complications in marketing and product sales, constant seasonal inflation processes, inaccessible credit resources and state subsidies , which led to a decrease in their competitiveness), the question arises of the strategic management of their competitiveness. In this context, the term "strategic management of farming" is considered by the author as "a set of knowledge, skills and abilities of farmers in the adoption and implementation of strategic decisions that are developed under conditions of uncertainty and instability of the external environment, usually using only their own labor, production and financial resources" . At the same time, operational management, strategic planning and farmer policy are considered as components of strategic management, and not their derivatives. On the basis of the generalization of existing methodological approaches to the assessment of the competitiveness of farms found that most of them are oriented to indicators of their resource availability, resourcefulness, resource efficiency, profitability. In this context, the methodical foundations for assessing the competitiveness of farms are improved on the basis of systematization and supplementation of existing Foresight Forecasting and Data Mining Classifications, the use of a generalized EBITDA, which includes a multicriteria dimension of the functional components of a farm, which enables the analysis and forecasting of key competitive advantages and secondary characteristics , which in their totality have a significant influence on solving problems of strategic management of competitiveness of farms. The methodology for researching strategic management of the competitiveness of farms involves the formation of general principles, management methods, specific requirements that are put forward in the management system of different types of farms. On this basis, scientific approaches to the classification of farms have been improved, taking into account the size of the land bank, the level of agricultural cooperation, the level of specialization, the level of product marketability, the form of creation, ownership, formation, division of labor, the provision of means of production, which increases the level of validity of management decisions defined alternative directions of strategic development of farms and types of their behavior in the market. Based on the methodology proposed in the dissertation on the assessment of the state of strategic management of the competitiveness of farms through the integrated indicator of EBITDA, which takes into account the parameters of profitability, land security, reproduction of fixed assets, financial obligations, the directions of their strategic development were substantiated. The study of the dynamics of the EBITDA indicator in the investigated farms of the Khmelnitsky region has made it possible to establish that the main reason for the growth of the analyzed indicator at the present stage of their development are intensive growth factors such as crop yields, fundraising, profit, cost savings. The effectiveness of using the potential of land resources of farms has been researched in the context of dynamic agricultural development and it has been established that the efficiency of farming in these farms depends to a large extent on the size of the land bank, but also on the rational use of land, fertilizers, capital and labor resources. Practical use of methodological provisions for assessing the level of competitiveness of farms on the basis of adapted SWOT analysis methods, Modern portfolio theory (BGM matrices) of the investigated farms in the aggregate allowed to determine the key problems and directions of strategic development of farms, aimed at increasing their competitiveness in the external environment. The key role in external regulation of the process of forming the competitiveness of farms must be played by an institutional environment whose elements are intended to reduce farmers' informal lack of knowledge and transaction costs by creating adapted business plans and behavioral models for farms. Strategic analysis based on the systematic approach of studying the interconnections of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of farm development taking into account restrictive factors of competitiveness, which include insufficient demand for products, weather conditions, labor shortages, limited access to materials and equipment, financial constraints and level of managerial competence , allowed to formulate goals that together allow to solve key problems and to identify reserves for improving the efficiency of the economy the activities of farms in accordance with the state of their internal and external environment. Application of the AGMEMOD model enabled Ukraine to forecast the development of farms in the context of sustainable development of rural areas, namely: yield, gross crop and sown area of main crops, EBITDA, changes in demographic indicators and GDP of the Khmelnitsky region in a basic and optimistic variant of the forecast, the results of which gave the opportunity to substantiate competitive strategies, the implementation of which will ensure an increase in volumes of sales, profits, market share and penetration to new market segment and more. The proposed conceptual approach to strategic farm management competitiveness is a set of interconnected forms, methods and values that contribute to satisfying the needs of increasing the competitiveness of farms, on the basis of which a power strategy for the development of farms is carried out and the identification of potential opportunities for its implementation. The dissertation defines the components of ensuring the implementation and development of advanced technologies for the development of farms, which include: technical and technological (skills of working with statistical data and other information, introduction of the latest innovative strategies and concepts, application in the production of high technology and innovative technologies, etc.), legally -scientific (understanding of the legislative framework of Ukraine, knowledge of laws and possible legislative changes, study of foreign experience in the construction and implementation of a strategist ) and (knowing the potential for regional development, local needs awareness, communication and farmers government, solidarity and responsibility for the community, administrative skills, management style, competence). It is proved that in order to increase the competitiveness of farms, it is expedient to create agro-industrial associations whose activities are carried out on the basis of a non-profit partnership, which will promote the attraction of additional resources, optimization of processes of sale and processing of products, the formation of its own budget, etc. The proposed approach is based on the phased implementation of alternative strategies for individual groups of farms and the development of possible variants of their development based on a reasonable structural and logical scheme for their creation and functioning.

Орфоепічна та орфофонічна варіативність англійського мовлення британців, американців і канадійців (експериментально-фонетичне дослідження) . – На правах рукопису.

Теоретичне підгрунтя аналізованої проблеми пов’язане з відсутністю чіткого алгоритму створення Стратегії сталого розвитку в Україні. Необхідність її в нашій країні давно визнана на папері на законодавчому рівні, але реально існують проблеми щодо практичних кроків в цьому напрямку. Мета статті – cформулювати ключові характеристики і пріоритети сталого розвитку економіки України в контексті впливу глобальних процесів. У результаті проведеного дослідження було проаналізовано прояви глобалізації у контексті сталого розвитку. Під час викладу основного матеріалу, на основі діалектичного методу та методу узагальнень доведено, що можливість подальшого розвитку залежить не тільки від економного використання наявних економічних і природних ресурсів, а, в першу чергу, від спроможності формувати принципи і критерії власної діяльності у відповідності до закономірностей розвитку об’єктивного світу. У статті визначено проблеми і перспективи реалізації концепції сталого розвитку України, обгрунтовано напрями формування національної парадигми сталого розвитку. Враховуючи особливості сьогодення і тенденції глобалізації для досягнення сталого розвитку є необхідним комплексний підхід: екологічна безпека, економічна стабільність, соціальне благополуччя. Реалізація Концепції сталого розвитку забезпечується за допомогою цілеспрямованої політики, яка включає державний, регіональний та місцеві рівні вирішення відповідних питань, правові, фінансові та організаційні засоби. Ключові слова: сталий розвиток, глобалізація, стратегія сталого розвитку. Теоретические основы рассматриваемой проблемы связаны с отсутствием четкого алгоритма создания Стратегии устойчивого развития в Украине. Необходимость ее в нашей стране давно признана на бумаге на законодательном уровне, но реально существуют проблемы относительно практических шагов в этом направлении. Цель статьи – cформулировать ключевые характеристики и приоритеты устойчивого развития экономики Украины в контексте влияния глобальных процессов. В результате проведенного исследования были проанализированы проявления глобализации в контексте устойчивого развития. В ходе изложения основного материала на основе диалектического метода и метода обобщений доказано, что возможность дальнейшего развития зависит не только от экономного использования имеющихся экономических и природных ресурсов, а, в первую очередь, от способности формировать принципы и критерии собственной деятельности в соответствии с закономерностями развития объективного мира. В статье определены проблемы и перспективы реализации концепции устойчивого развития Украины, обоснованы направления формирования национальной парадигмы устойчивого развития. Учитывая особенности настоящего и тенденции глобализации для достижения устойчивого развития является необходимым комплексный подход: экологическая безопасность, экономическая стабильность, социальное благополучие. Реализация Концепции устойчивого развития обеспечивается с помощью целенаправленной политики, которая включает государственный, региональный и местные уровни решения соответствующих вопросов, правовые, финансовые и организационные методы. Ключевые слова: устойчивое развитие, глобализация, стратегия устойчивого развития. Theoretical foundations of the problem associated with the lack of a clear algorithm for creating a Sustainable Development Strategy in Ukraine. Need for it in our country has long been recognized on paper at the legislative level , but really there are problems concerning the practical steps in this direction. The purpose of the article – formulate key characteristics and priorities of sustainable development of economy of Ukraine in the context of the impact of global processes. The article analyzed the effects of globalization in the context of sustainable development. During the presentation of the basic material on the basis of the dialectical method and the generalizations shown that the possibility of further development depends not only on economical use of available economic and natural resources, and, above all, on the ability to shape the principles and criteria of its own activities in accordance with the laws of development of the objective world. The article defines the problems and prospects of implementing the concept of sustainable development of Ukraine, the directions of the formation of a national sustainable development paradigm. Given the characteristics of the present trend of globalization and to achieve sustainable development is necessary integrated approach: environmental securit, economic stability, social well-being. Implementation of the Concept of sustainable development is ensured by deliberate policy, which includes national, regional and local levels to address relevant legal, financial and organizational methods. Key words: sustainable development, globalization, sustainable development strategy.

Сталий розвиток економіки україни в умовах глобалізації

Введение в макроэкономику. 2-е изд.

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Основные цели и приоритеты при переходе к "зелёной экономике"

The paper investigates the economic ways of green energy promotion in the European Union. It is stated that environmental friendliness and economic expediency are the main drivers of renewable energy development. The paper emphasizes that the EU has significant achievements in green energy promotion. The EU encourages the use of renewables in a variety of ways, including tariff and non-tariff instruments. In the research different economic incentives are classified by certain criteria. It is outlined in the research that the feed-in tariff was the first and most widely used mechanism of support for green energy producers. At the same time, it is gradually being replaced by a feed-in premium (a system of allowances for additional generation). The paper also highlights the importance of non-tariff instruments, including tax incentives, green certificate system, investment grants, and subsidies.

Renewable Energy Promotion with Economic Incentives: The Case of the EU

Recent trends prove that energy production is shifting from traditional fossil fuel combustion technologies to renewable energy-based technologies. To estimate the economic efficiency of renewable energy technology implementation, the data for the EU-27 member states during the 2012–2021 period were collected; additionally, technological efficiency was analyzed based on a critical literature review. Breusch and Pagan Lagrangian multiplier tests were employed to select the most suitable econometric model. The results suggest that an increase in the share of renewable energy sources by one percentage point (1) decreased CO2 emissions by 0.137 metric tons per capita (technological efficiency) and (2) decreased greenhouse gases by 13 g per EUR, in terms of GDP (economic efficiency). Regarding the Kyoto Protocol implementation, it was found for EU-27 that an increase in the share of renewable energy sources by one percentage point was related to a decrease of one percentage point in the greenhouse gases index. GDP per capita appeared to be an insignificant driver for reductions in per capita CO2 emissions, while it proved to be important for economic efficiency models. Thus, increasing GDP per capita by 1000 USD reduces greenhouse gases by 7.1 g per EUR of GDP in EU-27. This paper also confirmed that a unit of electricity (1 kWh) generated by traditional energy plants is seven to nineteen times more environmentally costly than renewable energy generation. This paper thus concludes that digital transformations and additive manufacturing brought about the significant dematerialization of industrial production and the promotion of renewable energy on industrial and household levels.

Economic and Technological Efficiency of Renewable Energy Technologies Implementation

Sesteynovaya ekonomika kak osnova perehoda k sesteynovomu razvitiyu

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Leonid Hryhorovych Melnyk

Papers

Основные цели и приоритеты при переходе к "зелёной экономике"

Renewable Energy Promotion with Economic Incentives: The Case of the EU

Economic and Technological Efficiency of Renewable Energy Technologies Implementation

Sesteynovaya ekonomika kak osnova perehoda k sesteynovomu razvitiyu

Integration mechanisms of management of innovative processes in the economy