Valid predictions for the direction of nonresponse bias were obtained from subjective estimates and extrapolations in an analysis of mail survey data from published studies For estimates of the magnitude of bias, the use of extrapolations led to substantial improvements over a strategy of not using extrapolations

/pdf/estimating-nonresponse-bias-in-mail-surveys-5g9kpafflr.pdf

Estimating Nonresponse Bias in Mail Surveys

Valid predictions for the direction of nonresponse bias were obtained from subjective estimates and extrapolations in an analysis of mail survey data from published studies. For estimates of the magnitude of bias, the use of extrapolations led to substantial improvements over a strategy of not using extrapolations.

Electronic mail (e-mail) has been used to distribute surveys and collect data from online users for almost fifteen years. However, some have suggested that the use of e-mail is becoming obsolete. This study analyzes response rates to e-mail surveys undertaken since 1986 and examines five influences to response rates: the year the study was undertaken, the number of questions in the survey, the number of pre-notification contacts, the number of follow-up contacts and survey topic salience. Response rates to e-mail surveys have significantly decreased since 1986. Correlation and regression analyses suggest that year that the survey was undertaken and number of follow-up contacts had the most influence on response rates. A discussion of other influences and future research into this area is provided.

E‐mail Survey Response Rates: A Review

For reasons of cost and ease of implementation, mail surveys are more frequently used for social research than are either telephone or face-to-face interviews. In this chapter, the last two decades of research aimed at improving mail survey methods are examined. Discussion of this research is organized around progress made in overcoming four important sources of error: sampling , noncoverage, measurement, and nonresponse. Progress has been especially great in improving response rates as a means of reducing nonresponse error. Significant progress has also been made in finding means of overcoming measurement error. Because mail surveys generally present few, if any, special sampling error problems, little research in this area has been conducted. The lack of research on noncoverage issues is a major deficiency in research to date , and noncoverage error presents the most significant impediment to the increased use of mail surveys. The 1990s are likely to see increased research on mail surveys, as efforts ar...

https://www.jstor.org/stable/info/2083342

The Design and Administration of Mail Surveys

A review of empirical studies concerned with increasing response rates to mail questionnaires reveals the limited evidence upon which most widely accepted techniques are based. The only techniques ...

/pdf/mail-surveys-and-response-rates-a-literature-review-j7n0nn5vbv.pdf

Mail Surveys and Response Rates: A Literature Review:

Consumer behavior, 7th ed

For undergraduate or first year MBA students. This revision of a classic text retains the market segmentation approach that has set the standard for consumer behavior study through 6 editions.

Consumer Behavior, 7th Ed. (Поведение потребителей)

NDUSTRIAL SELLING (defined here as selling to other manufacturers or to middlemen) is a major occupation for men in this country. It is also a very lucrative one. However, for a number of reasons which will be listed below, its doors have long been closed to women, who have been relegated to retail selling-to standing behind this nation's counters making change while they earn fairly low salaries. Many of the reasons why women have been excluded from industrial selling are based on sexual stereotypes, which include "tradition," women's "inability" to travel and be away from home overnight, their presumed lack of technical knowledge, sexual exploitation (presumably by customers, salesmen, and big bad wolves who prey on out-of-town ladies), the priorities of marriage (either getting or staying married), children. These last two factors are presumed to cause excessive absenteeism and turnover.

Leslie Lazar Kanuk

Papers

Mail Surveys and Response Rates: A Literature Review:

Consumer behavior, 7th ed

Consumer Behavior, 7th Ed. (Поведение потребителей)

Women in Industrial Selling

Consumer Behavior -9/E