12.2.2. Four-Wave Mixing (FWM) 4849 12.2.3. Dye Aggregation 4850 12.2.4. Optoelectronic Nanodevices 4850 12.3. Sensor 4851 12.3.1. Chemical Sensor 4851 12.3.2. Biological Sensor 4851 12.4. Catalysis 4852 13. Conclusion and Perspectives 4852 14. Abbreviations 4853 15. Acknowledgements 4854 16. References 4854 * Corresponding author E-mail: tpal@chem.iitkgp.ernet.in. † Raidighi College. § Indian Institute of Technology. 4797 Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 4797−4862

Interparticle Coupling Effect on the Surface Plasmon Resonance of Gold Nanoparticles: From Theory to Applications

This article describes hybrid materials and systems in which the core integrity of inorganic nanobuilding blocks (NBBs) is preserved and reviews the main synthetic procedures presented in the literature. The relation between the NBB and the resulting hybrid networks is discussed for several striking examples:  silicon and tin oxo clusters, polyoxometalates, and transition metal−oxo-based clusters. This approach is extended to nanoparticule-based hybrids. The chemical strategies offered by the coupling of soft chemistry processes and this approach based on functional NBBs allows, through an intelligent and tuned coding, to develop a new vectorial chemistry that is able to direct the assembly of a large variety of structurally well-defined clusters or nanoparticles into complex architectures.

Designed Hybrid Organic−Inorganic Nanocomposites from Functional Nanobuilding Blocks

This review describes the synthesis and properties of homopolymers and copolymers of monomers containing inorganic–organic hybrid polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) structures. Monomers, such as styryl-POSS, methacrylate-POSS, norbornyl-POSS, vinyl-POSS, epoxy-POSS, and siloxane-POSS, are included. Both monofunctional and multifunctional monomers are included. Thermoplastic and thermoset systems are considered. Thermal, rheological, and dynamic mechanical properties are described. The synthesis of POSS macromers (monomers) is briefly described. POSS chemicals have been used to prepare nanosized designed novel composites with a variety of potential applications. This review, covering 111 references, is descriptive and not designed to be totally comprehensive. However, the major existing reviews of certain subtopics are noted, allowing the reader to gain a general introduction while providing the information to permit more comprehensive coverage.

Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (POSS) Polymers and Copolymers: A Review

Tailoring of porous materials involves not only chemical synthetic techniques for tailoring microscopic properties such as pore size, pore shape, pore connectivity, and pore surface reactivity, but also materials processing techniques for tailoring the meso- and the macroscopic properties of bulk materials in the form of fibers, thin films, and monoliths. These issues are addressed in the context of five specific classes of porous materials:  oxide molecular sieves, porous coordination solids, porous carbons, sol−gel-derived oxides, and porous heteropolyanion salts. Reviews of these specific areas are preceded by a presentation of background material and review of current theoretical approaches to adsorption phenomena. A concluding section outlines current research needs and opportunities.

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Tailored Porous Materials

This review is intended to cover the more recent advances in both structure–property relationships of polymers incorporating polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane(s) (POSS) nanostructured chemicals as well as space-survivability testing of POSS-polymers. The strategy employed for using POSS as building-blocks is discussed in addition to current models and predictions pertaining to the ideal crystallite/aggregate size of the nanocomposite within the polymer matrix to provide maximum mechanical improvements. The oxidation and rapid formation of SiO 2 during atomic oxygen testing leads to a passivating layer, and conclusive proof of these phenomena is presented. Also, a brief history of POSS is outlined to help readers understand how they relate to the recent boom in nanotechnology and their position in nanomaterials R&D.

Lester H. Vogt

Papers

Double chain polymers of phenylsilsesquioxane

Preparation and Characterization of the Lower Equilibrated Phenylsilsesquioxanes

The Polycondensation of Cyclohexylsilanetriol