I. INTRODUCTION TO EVALUATION. 1. Evaluation's Basic Purpose, Uses, and Conceptual Distinctions. 2. Origins of Modern Program Evaluation. 3. Recent Developments and Trends in Evaluation. II. ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES TO PROGRAM EVALUATION. 4. Alternative Views of Evaluation. 5. Objectives-Oriented Evaluation Approaches. 6. Management-Oriented Evaluation Approaches. 7. Consumer-Oriented Evaluation Approaches. 8. Expertise-Oriented Evaluation Approaches. 9. Adversary-Oriented Evaluation Approaches. 10. Participant-Oriented Evaluation Approaches. 11. Alternative Evaluation Approaches: A Summary and Comparative Analysis. III. PRACTICAL GUIDELINES FOR PLANNING EVALUATION. 12. Clarifying the Evaluation Request and Responsibilities. 13. Setting Boundaries and Analyzing the Evaluation Context. 14. Identifying and Selecting the Evaluative Questions and Criteria. 15. Planning How to Conduct the Evaluation. IV. PRACTICAL GUIDELINES FOR CONDUCTING AND USING EVALUATIONS. 16. Dealing with Political, Ethical, and Interpersonal Aspects of Evaluation. 17. Collecting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Quantitative Information. 18. Collecting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Qualitative Information. 19. Reporting and Using Evaluation Information. 20. Evaluating Evaluations. V. EMERGING AND FUTURE SETTINGS FOR PROGRAM EVALUATION. 21. Conducting Multiple-Site Evaluation Studies. 22. Conducting Evaluations of Organizations Renewal and Training in Corporate and Nonprofit Settings. 23. The Future of Evaluation. Appendix: Some General Areas of Competence Important in Education Evaluation.

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تقويم البرنامج : طرق بديلة و إرشادات عملية = Program evaluation Alternative Approaches and Practical Guidelines

The title of this excellent book uses ‘Medical’ in the broadest possible sense, as the information contained within the book is generic to all healthcare teachers. It is a multi-author book, with t...

A Practical Guide for Medical Teachers.

Does air particle abrasion affect the flexural strength and phase transformation of Y-TZP? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Investigate the developmental physiology of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), a unique articulation between the cranium and the mandible. Principal regulatory factors for TMJ and disc development are Indian hedgehog (IHH) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-2). The mechanism is closely associated with ear morphogenesis. Secondary condylar cartilage emerges as a subperiosteal blastema on the medial surface of the posterior mandible. The condylar articular surface is immunoreactive for tenascin-C, so it is a modified fibrous periosteum with an underlying proliferative zone (cambrium layer) that differentiates into fibrocartilage. The latter cushions high loads and subsequently produces endochondral bone. The TMJ is a heavily loaded joint with three cushioning layers of fibrocartilage in the disc, as well as in subarticular zones in the fossa and mandibular condyle. The periosteal articular surface produces fibrocartilage to resist heavy loads, and has unique healing and adaptive properties for maintaining life support functions under adverse environmental conditions.

Part I: Development and Physiology of the Temporomandibular Joint.

Considering the interest of the research community in the fatigue behavior of all-ceramic restorations and the time consumed in low-frequency cyclic fatigue tests, this study aimed to investigate the influence of the loading frequency on the zirconia fatigue strength. The biaxial flexural fatigue strength of Y-TZP discs was determined by the staircase approach after 500,000 cycles. The investigated frequencies were 2 Hz (control-simulation of the chewing activity; n=20), 10 Hz (n=20), 20 Hz (n=20), and 40 Hz (n=21). The fatigue strength data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey׳s test (α=0.05). Pearson coefficient (r) was calculated to assess the existence of a correlation between fatigue strength and loading frequency. X-ray diffraction analysis was used to determine the relative amount of monoclinic phase under each fatigue test condition. The fatigue strength was significantly higher for 40 Hz group (630.7±62.1 MPa) and did not differ among the groups 2 Hz (550.3±89.7 MPa), 10 Hz (574.0±47 MPa) and 20 Hz (605.1±30.7 MPa). Pearson correlation coefficient indicated a significantly moderate correlation (r=0.57) between fatigue strength and loading frequency. The percentage of monoclinic phase was similar among the groups. Therefore, the use of loading frequencies up to 20 Hz seems a good alternative to expedite the cycling strength fatigue tests in polycrystalline ceramics without significantly changing the fatigue behavior showed by zirconia in tests employing the frequency of the masticatory cycle.

Loading frequencies up to 20 Hz as an alternative to accelerate fatigue strength tests in a Y-TZP ceramic

This clinical report describes the oral rehabilitation of a 19-year-old woman diagnosed with hypoplastic-type amelogenesis imperfecta (AI). She presented with discolored and mutilated teeth, missing teeth, anterior open bite, and posterior short crowns. She was classified as an American College of Prosthodontists Prosthodontic Diagnostic Index (ACP PDI) class III patient. The aim of treatment was to restore esthetics and improve masticatory function. The patient's esthetic and functional expectations were successfully attained with porcelain laminate veneers and all-ceramic and metal-ceramic restorations after extensive crown lengthening. The patient was regularly recalled during the postoperative period. Loss of retention of one all-ceramic crown and minimal recession of the gingiva of one laminate veneer were noted at 4-year recall.

Fixed rehabilitation of an ACP PDI class III patient with amelogenesis imperfecta.

In vitro mechanical tests for modern dental ceramics

Objective: This study sought to assess the clinical signs and subjective symptoms of TMD, including the occlusal condition.Methods: Recruited individuals included 123 patients (58 men, 65 women) ag...

Evaluation of signs, symptoms, and occlusal factors among patients with temporomandibular disorders according to Helkimo index.

OBJECTIVE Evaluation of the color change of a semileucent ceramic system with different core-veneer thicknesses and backgrounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty disk-shaped specimens with different thicknesses of core-veneer were prepared with IPS-Empress 2 and IPS-Eris glass ceramic and four backgrounds were prepared. RESULTS Color differences were significantly influenced by total ceramic thicknesses and backgrounds (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Thickness and backgrounds caused a detectable color mismatch in clinically relevant core-veneer thicknesses of IPS Empress 2.

Leyla Sadighpour

Papers

Fixed rehabilitation of an ACP PDI class III patient with amelogenesis imperfecta.

In vitro mechanical tests for modern dental ceramics

Evaluation of signs, symptoms, and occlusal factors among patients with temporomandibular disorders according to Helkimo index.

The effect of background and ceramic thickness on the color of an all-ceramic restorative system.

Comparison of Marginal Fit and Fracture Strength of a CAD/CAM Zirconia Crown with Two Preparation Designs.