A method and system for providing a magnetic transducer are disclosed. The method and system include providing a magnetic element that includes a free layer, a pinned layer, and a nonmagnetic spacer layer between the free layer and the pinned layer. The nonmagnetic spacer layer is a tunneling barrier layer. The free layer is configured to be biased in a first direction. The pinned layer has a pinned layer magnetization configured to be pinned in a second direction that is at a first angle from perpendicular to the ABS. The first angle is nonzero and different from ninety degrees. The second direction and the first direction form a second angle that is different from ninety degrees.

Method and system for fabricating magnetic transducers with improved pinning

https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/6/3/41/pdf

Microfluidic devices for forensic DNA analysis: A review

Three bridge circuits (101, 111, 121), each include magnetoresistive sensors coupled as a Wheatstone bridge (100) to sense a magnetic field (160) in three orthogonal directions (110, 120, 130) that are set with a single pinning material deposition and bulk wafer setting procedure. One of the three bridge circuits (121) includes a first magnetoresistive sensor (141) comprising a first sensing element (122) disposed on a pinned layer (126), the first sensing element (122) having first and second edges and first and second sides, and a first flux guide (132) disposed non-parallel to the first side of the substrate and having an end that is proximate to the first edge and on the first side of the first sensing element (122). An optional second flux guide (136) may be disposed non-parallel to the first side of the substrate and having an end that is proximate to the second edge and the second side of the first sensing element (122).

Three axis magnetic field sensor

A method and system for providing a magnetic memory is disclosed. The method and system include providing a plurality of magnetic storage cells in an array, a plurality of bit lines, and at least one bias structure. Each of the plurality of magnetic storage cells includes at least one magnetic element having an easy axis and being programmable by at least one write current driven through the magnetic element. The plurality of bit lines corresponds to the plurality of magnetic storage cells. The at least one bias structure is magnetically coupled with the at least one magnetic element in each of the plurality of magnetic storage cells. The at least one bias structure provides a bias field in a direction greater than zero degrees and less than one hundred eighty degrees from the easy axis.

Method and system for providing field biased magnetic memory devices

A semiconductor process integrates three bridge circuits, each include magnetoresistive sensors coupled as a Wheatstone bridge on a single chip to sense a magnetic field in three orthogonal directions. The process includes various deposition and etch steps forming the magnetoresistive sensors and a plurality of flux guides on one of the three bridge circuits for transferring a “Z” axis magnetic field onto sensors orientated in the XY plane.

Process integration of a single chip three axis magnetic field sensor

The magnetic switching dynamics of a thin-film microstructured Permalloy element were directly observed undergoing incoherent rotation reversal processes. Experimental spatiotemporally and vectorially resolved micromagnetic data show qualitative agreement with numerically simulated micromagnetic data for the nonequilibrium states during reversal. The application of a longitudinal reversal field launches rotations in both clockwise and counterclockwise directions, governed by magnetostatic effects, at different locations within a shaped sample. Reversal proceeds by fast initial selection into these rotation directions, immediately leading to vortex formation throughout the sample, and is followed by slower expulsion of the vortices in the transverse-to-field direction through local coherent rotation. Apparent transient damping, magnetization vector length averages, and spatial frequency representations support energy transfer concepts for the reversal process.

Ultrafast imaging of incoherent rotation magnetic switching with experimental and numerical micromagnetic dynamics

A method and magnetic device for improving the desirable properties of a magnetic device, e.g., magnetization uniformity and reproducibility. Moreover the invention provides magnetic cells that are more magnetically homogeneous, with smaller amount of end domain magnetization canting from the average cell magnetization direction. The invention may provide a magnetic memory cell with less variation in switching fields, more spatially coherent dynamical magnetic properties for high speed and processional or coherent magnetic switching, and higher signal due to the increased uniformity. It may provide a magnetic sensor with more spatially coherent magnetic properties for high speed and processional or coherent magnetic switching, and increased signal. It may provide a read head element with more spatially coherent magnetic properties for high speed and processional or coherent magnetic sensing, and increased signal.

Magnetic device and method of making the same

In principle, different physical models can be applied to simulate ion currents through nanopores. These include the continuum Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) equations, Brownian dynamics (BD) and molecular dynamics (MD). In practice however, it is infeasible to perform molecular dynamics simulations long enough to simulate a sufficient amount of ion translocation events to determine a current, and even Brownian dynamics is often computationally too demanding to model the access resistance of a nanopore in a realistic way. As a consequence, nanopores are generally modeled using the PNP equations, even though this model does not always accurately describe the ionic movement within the nanopore itself, as ions are not treated as discrete entities and water is regarded as a static continuum. The former issue can be solved by both Brownian and molecular dynamics, the latter only by molecular dynamics. Therefore, realistic simulations of ionic currents may be feasible if the PNP equations in the reservoirs are combined with Brownian and/or molecular dynamics within the nanopore. Here, we will focus on the combination of PNP with Brownian dynamics.

Modelling Solid-state Nanopores with a Combination of the Poisson-Nernst-Planck Equations and Brownian Dynamics

A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) direct from human blood using a silicon/glass microfluidic chip is demonstrated. The microfluidic chip consists of a mixer (for combining whole blood and reagents), a microreaction chamber (for cell lysis and PCR thermal cycling) and a micropillar filter (for purification of the amplified DNA). The reported microsystem can serve as a compact DNA amplification module for use in a larger lab-on-chip microsystem. The device was demonstrated by successfully amplifying three fragments of different length (142, 105 and 72 base pairs) directly from whole blood. The influence of surface coating and polymerase enzyme on the microsystem functionality is reported.

https://lirias.kuleuven.be/bitstream/123456789/445681/1/RS_Wiederkehr_Microtas_2013.pdf

On-chip multiplex for amplification directly from whole blood

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a device for analyzing a fluid sample, which is disposable and compact and suppresses increase in cost.SOLUTION: A device 100 includes: a fluidic substrate 101 that comprises a micro-fluidic component 102 embedded in the fluidic substrate designed to propagate a fluid sample via capillary force through the device and a means for providing a fluid sample connected to the micro-fluidic component; and a lid 103 attached to the fluidic substrate partly covering the fluidic substrate and partly closing the micro-fluidic component. The fluidic substrate is a silicon fluidic substrate, and the lid is a CMOS chip.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 26

Liesbet Lagae

Papers

Ultrafast imaging of incoherent rotation magnetic switching with experimental and numerical micromagnetic dynamics

Magnetic device and method of making the same

Modelling Solid-state Nanopores with a Combination of the Poisson-Nernst-Planck Equations and Brownian Dynamics

On-chip multiplex for amplification directly from whole blood

Compact fluid analysis device and production method