Recent developments in isocyanide based multicomponent reactions in applied chemistry

Universal sample preparation method for proteome analysis

Proper regulation and management of energy, substrate diversity and quantity, as well as macromolecular synthesis and breakdown processes, are fundamental to cellular and organismal survival and are paramount to health. Cellular and multicellular organization are defended by the immune response, a robust and critical system through which self is distinguished from non-self, pathogenic signals are recognized and eliminated, and tissue homeostasis is safeguarded. Many layers of evolutionarily conserved interactions occur between immune response and metabolism. Proper maintenance of this delicate balance is crucial for health and has important implications for many pathological states such as obesity, diabetes, and other chronic non-communicable diseases.

Inflammation, metaflammation and immunometabolic disorders

The intestine represents the largest compartment of the immune system. It is continually exposed to antigens and immunomodulatory agents from the diet and the commensal microbiota, and it is the port of entry for many clinically important pathogens. Intestinal immune processes are also increasingly implicated in controlling disease development elsewhere in the body. In this Review, we detail the anatomical and physiological distinctions that are observed in the small and large intestines, and we suggest how these may account for the diversity in the immune apparatus that is seen throughout the intestine. We describe how the distribution of innate, adaptive and innate-like immune cells varies in different segments of the intestine and discuss the environmental factors that may influence this. Finally, we consider the implications of regional immune specialization for inflammatory disease in the intestine.

Regional specialization within the intestinal immune system

Vaccines containing novel adjuvant formulations are increasingly reaching advanced development and licensing stages, providing new tools to fill previously unmet clinical needs. However, many adjuvants fail during product development owing to factors such as manufacturability, stability, lack of effectiveness, unacceptable levels of tolerability or safety concerns. This Review outlines the potential benefits of adjuvants in current and future vaccines and describes the importance of formulation and mechanisms of action of adjuvants. Moreover, we emphasize safety considerations and other crucial aspects in the clinical development of effective adjuvants that will help facilitate effective next-generation vaccines against devastating infectious diseases.

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Key roles of adjuvants in modern vaccines

A novel synthetic process to 13β-ethyl-gon-4-ene-3,11,17-trione with the total yield of 44% starting from 13β-ethyl- 17β-hydroxy-3-methoxy-gona-2.5(10)-diene was described.

A Novel and Efficient Process to 13β‐Ethyl‐gon‐4‐ene‐3,11,17‐ trione.

The present invention provides novel compounds of the Formula (1), pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds and methods for using such compounds as tools for biological studies or as agents or drugs for modulating Protease Activated Receptor-2 (PAR2) and for treating a subject at risk of—or susceptible to—a disease or disorder, or having a disease or disorder associated with undesirable PAR2 activity.

***WITHDRAWN PATENT AS PER THE LATEST USPTO WITHDRAWN LIST***Modulations of protease activated receptors

Regio- and Stereoselective Hydrogenation of 17-Substituted 13β- Ethyl-11β-hydroxy-gona-4,9-dien-3-ones and NMR Study.

Koay, Hui Fern, Gherardin, Nicholas A., Enders, Anselm, Loh, Liyen, Chen, Zhenjun, Corbett, Alexandra J., Eckle, Siodonia B. G., Meehan, Bronwyn, d’Udekem, Yves, Konstantinov, Igor, Lappas, Martha, Liu, Ligong, Goodnow, Chris C., Fairlie, David P., Rossjohn, Jamie, Kedzirska, Katherine, Berzins, Stuart P., McCluskey, James, Uldrich, Adam P., Godfrey, Dale I. and Peellicci, Daniel G. 2016. Thymic precursors to the Mucosal-Associated Invariant T cell lineage. European Journal of Immunology 46 (1) , p. 256. 10.1002/eji.201670015 file

Thymic precursors to the mucosal-associated invariant T cell lineage

Asymmetric Synthesis of Protoberberine Alkaloids via a Tandem Nucleophilic Addition and Intramolecular Cyclization of a Chiral o‐Toluamide Anion with 3,4‐Dihydroisoquinoline.

Ligong Liu

Papers

A Novel and Efficient Process to 13β‐Ethyl‐gon‐4‐ene‐3,11,17‐ trione.

WITHDRAWN PATENT AS PER THE LATEST USPTO WITHDRAWN LISTModulations of protease activated receptors

Regio- and Stereoselective Hydrogenation of 17-Substituted 13β- Ethyl-11β-hydroxy-gona-4,9-dien-3-ones and NMR Study.

Thymic precursors to the mucosal-associated invariant T cell lineage

Asymmetric Synthesis of Protoberberine Alkaloids via a Tandem Nucleophilic Addition and Intramolecular Cyclization of a Chiral o‐Toluamide Anion with 3,4‐Dihydroisoquinoline.