Examination of nature's favorite molecules reveals a striking preference for making carbon-heteroatom bonds over carbon-carbon bonds-surely no surprise given that carbon dioxide is nature's starting material and that most reactions are performed in water. Nucleic acids, proteins, and polysaccharides are condensation polymers of small subunits stitched together by carbon-heteroatom bonds. Even the 35 or so building blocks from which these crucial molecules are made each contain, at most, six contiguous C-C bonds, except for the three aromatic amino acids. Taking our cue from nature's approach, we address here the development of a set of powerful, highly reliable, and selective reactions for the rapid synthesis of useful new compounds and combinatorial libraries through heteroatom links (C-X-C), an approach we call "click chemistry". Click chemistry is at once defined, enabled, and constrained by a handful of nearly perfect "spring-loaded" reactions. The stringent criteria for a process to earn click chemistry status are described along with examples of the molecular frameworks that are easily made using this spartan, but powerful, synthetic strategy.

https://www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/1521-3773%2820010601%2940%3A11%3C2004%3A%3AAID-ANIE2004%3E3.0.CO%3B2-5

Click Chemistry: Diverse Chemical Function from a Few Good Reactions.

The Hydrothermal Synthesis of Zeolites: History and Development from the Earliest Days to the Present Time

Polyoxometalates (POMs) are discrete anionic metaloxygen clusters which can be regarded as soluble oxide fragments. They exhibit a great diversity of sizes, nuclearities, and shapes. They are built from the connection of {MOx} polyhedra, M being a d-block element in high oxidation state, usually VIV,V, MoVI, or WVI.1 While these species have been known for almost two centuries, they still attract much interest partly based on their large domains of applications. They play a great role in various areas ranging from catalysis,2 medicine,3 electrochemistry,4 photochromism,5 to magnetism.6 This palette of applications is intrinsically due to the combination of their added value properties (redox properties, large sizes, high negative charges, nucleophilicity...). Parallel to this domain, the organic-inorganic hybrids area has followed a similar expansion during the last 10 years. The concept of organic-inorganic hybrid materials * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: dolbecq@ chimie.uvsq.fr. Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 6009–6048 6009

Hybrid Organic−Inorganic Polyoxometalate Compounds: From Structural Diversity to Applications

Betrachtet man die in der Natur am haufigsten vorkommenden Verbindungen, so fallt auf, dass die Bildung von Kohlenstoff-Heteroatom-Bindungen gegenuber der von Kohlenstoff-Kohlenstoff-Bindungen deutlich bevorzugt ist Da zum einen Kohlendioxid die Basisverbindung der Natur ist und andererseits das Medium naturlicher Reaktionen zumeist Wasser ist, uberrascht dies sicherlich nicht Nucleinsauren, Proteine und Polysaccharide sind polymere Kondensationsprodukte kleiner Untereinheiten, die durch Kohlenstoff-Heteroatom-Bindungen verknupft sind Sogar die etwa 35 Baueinheiten, aus denen diese essentiellen Verbindungen bestehen, enthalten nicht mehr als sechs aufeinander folgende C-C-Bindungen, sieht man einmal von den drei aromatischen Aminosauren ab Mit der Natur als Vorbild richteten wir unser Interesse auf die Entwicklung leistungsfahiger, gut funktionierender und selektiver Reaktionen fur die effiziente Synthese neuartiger nutzlicher Verbindungen sowie kombinatorischer Bibliotheken mittels Heteroatomverknupfungen (C-X-C) Diese Synthesestrategie nennen wir „Click-Chemie“ Click-Chemie ist durch eine Auswahl einiger weniger nahezu idealer Reaktionen charakterisiert, mit all ihren Grenzen und Moglichkeiten In diesem Beitrag werden zum einen die strengen Kriterien, die Reaktionen erfullen mussen, um die Bezeichnung „Click-Chemie“ zu verdienen, definiert, zum anderen werden Beispiele fur molekulare Strukturen gegeben, die mit dieser spartanischen, aber dennoch leistungsfahigen Synthesestrategie leicht hergestellt werden konnen

Click-Chemie: diverse chemische Funktionalität mit einer Handvoll guter Reaktionen

A plethora of methods have been developed over the years so that carbon dioxide can be used as a reactant in organic synthesis. Given the abundance of this compound, its utilization in synthetic chemistry, particularly on an industrial scale, is still at a rather low level. In the last 35 years, considerable research has been performed to find catalytic routes to transform CO(2) into carboxylic acids, esters, lactones, and polymers in an economic way. This Review presents an overview of the available homogeneous catalytic routes that use carbon dioxide as a C(1) carbon source for the synthesis of industrial products as well as fine chemicals.

Transformation of Carbon Dioxide with Homogeneous Transition-Metal Catalysts: A Molecular Solution to a Global Challenge?

Crystals of (NH3OH)2TiF6ċ2H2O have been isolated. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system (P21/c, No. 15) with cell parameters of a=6.203(1) A, b=10.057(1) A, c=7.464(1) A, and β=110.653(6)°. Reactions in the system In (OH)3– NH3OHF – HF have been investigated. Crystals of (NH3OH)3InF6 were isolated from aqueous solution. The compound crystallizes in the trigonal system (R3c) with a=b=c=7.764(2) A, α=β=γ=97.21(4)°. The thermal decomposition of both compounds was studied by TG and DSC analysis; the decomposition products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction.

Kristallstruktur und thermische Analyse von Hydroxylammonium-hexafluorotitanat(IV)-dihydrat und Hydroxylammonium-hexafluoroindat(III)

Synthesis of spirolactones by 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions to methyl (S)-3-[(E)-cyanomethylidene]-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-5-carboxylate

Trans-1,2-dithiooxalate as bridging ligand—II ☆: The X-ray crystal structure of μ-1,2-dithiooxalato-bis[bis(triphenylphosphine)silver(I)]

Synthesis and structure of a new cobalt-containing aluminophosphate

Phase equilibria in the systems USCaS, USSrS and USBaS have been investigated by X-ray diffraction, metallography and electron-probe microanalysis. New ternary sulphides, CaUS2, SrUS2 and BaUS2, which appeared in the corresponding systems, formed eutectic mixtures with primary solid solutions. Eutectic melting temperatures were determined for the systems USCaS and USSrS and tentative phase diagrams constructed. Detailed crystal structure analyses of CaUS2 and SrUS2 were carried out.

Ljubo Golič

Papers

Kristallstruktur und thermische Analyse von Hydroxylammonium-hexafluorotitanat(IV)-dihydrat und Hydroxylammonium-hexafluoroindat(III)

Synthesis of spirolactones by 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions to methyl (S)-3-[(E)-cyanomethylidene]-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-5-carboxylate

Trans-1,2-dithiooxalate as bridging ligand—II ☆: The X-ray crystal structure of μ-1,2-dithiooxalato-bis[bis(triphenylphosphine)silver(I)]

Synthesis and structure of a new cobalt-containing aluminophosphate

Phase relationships and crystal chemistry in the systems USCaS, USSrS and USBaS