Established in 2006, TATA Africa Services (Nigeria) Limited operates as the nodal point for Tata businesses in West Africa. TATA Africa Services (Nigeria) Limited has a strong presence in Nigeria with investments exceeding USD 10 million. The company was established in Lagos, Nigeria as a subsidiary of TATA Africa Holdings (SA) (Pty) Limited, South Africa and serves as the hub of Tata’s operations in Nigeria and the rest of West Africa.

What About Us

Nos últimos trinta trinta anos, houve profundas mudanças na forma como compreendemos o crime e a justiça criminal. O crime tornou-se um evento simbólico, um verdadeiro teste para a ordem social e para as políticas governamentais, um desafio para a sociedade civil, para a democracia e para os direitos humanos. Segundo David Garland, professor da Faculdade de Direito da New York University, um dos principais autores no campo da Sociologia da Punição e com artigo publicado na Revista de Sociologia e Política , número 13, na modernidade tardia houve uma verdadeira obsessão securitária, direcionando as políticas criminais para um maior rigor em relação às penas e maior intolerância com o criminoso. Há trinta anos, nos EUA e na Inglaterra essa tendência era insuspeita. O livro mostra que os dois países compartilham intrigantes similaridades em suas práticas criminais, a despeito da divisão racial, das desigualdades econômicas e da letalidade violenta que marcam fortemente o cenário americano. Segundo David Garland, encontram-se nos dois países os “mesmos tipos de riscos e inseguranças, a mesma percepção a respeito dos problemas de um controle social não-efetivo, as mesmas críticas da justiça criminal tradicional, e as mesmas ansiedades recorrentes sobre mudança e ordem sociais”1 (GARLAND, 2001, p. 2). O argumento principal da obra é o seguinte: a modernidade tardia, esse distintivo padrão de relações sociais, econômicas e culturais, trouxe consigo um conjunto de riscos, inseguranças e problemas de controle social que deram uma configuração específica às nossas respostas ao crime, ao garantir os altos custos das políticas criminais, o grau máximo de duração das penas e a excessivas taxas de encarceramento.

http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rsocp/n20/n20a15.pdf

The culture of control: crime and social order in contemporary, society

Preface (1999) Preface (1990) 1. Subjects of Sex/Gender/Desire I. 'Women' as the Subject of Feminism II. The Compulsory Order of Sex/Gender/Desire III. Gender: The Circular Ruins of Contemporary Debate IV. Theorizing the Binary, the Unitary and Beyond V. Identity, Sex and the Metaphysics of Substance VI. Language, Power and the Strategies of Displacement 2. Prohibition, Psychoanalysis, and the Production of the Heterosexual Matrix I. Structuralism's Critical Exchange II. Lacan, Riviere, and the Strategies of Masquerade III. Freud and the Melancholia of Gender IV. Gender Complexity and the Limits of Identification V. Reformulating Prohibition as Power 3. Subversive Bodily Acts I. The Body Politics of Julia Kristeva II. Foucault, Herculine, and the Politics of Sexual Discontinuity III. Monique Wittig - Bodily Disintegration and Fictive Sex IV. Bodily Inscriptions, Performative Subversions Conclusion - From Parody to Politics

Postmodern Subjects, Postmodern BodiesThinking Fragments: Psychoanalysis, Feminism, and Postmodernism in the Contemporary WestYearning: Race, Gender, and Cultural PoliticsGender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity

4. Modelling Survival Data in Medical Research

新書介紹－－Learning as Transformation: Critical Perspectives on a Theory in Progress

Good prison practices are essential for the wellbeing of prisoners and the wider community. Not only do they provide assistance to one of the most disadvantaged and vulnerable groups within society, but they also benefit the wider community by providing adequate support and services to a group of people who will ultimately return to the community. The purposes of incarceration not only include retribution, punishment, deterrence and incapacitation, but also rehabilitation. In order for a prison to achieve this, it is essential to have prison practice models that support reintegration, facilitate personal development and reduce recidivism rates. Notwithstanding this imperative, prisons and prison systems are still typically organised around the needs and requirements of male prisoners. As a result, any provisions made for women prisoners are still applied within a male-oriented framework and lack the female focus needed to assist women prisoners with their rehabilitation and social reintegration. Accordingly, many prison models do not provide women prisoners with the support, services and requirements they need to achieve their rehabilitative goals. This paper explores some of the literature on recent practical and theoretical developments that have been incorporated into women’s prison models. By exploring the key initiatives that have been adopted into both Australian and international prison settings, the report outlines a holistic approach to the needs of women prisoners, what services can help address these needs in prison and what level of support is required post-release. In particular, the paper considers recent developments in corrections policies specific to female prisoners, for example, Victoria’s Better Pathways in Practice: The Women’s Correctional Services Framework, as well as women’s prison system and architecture, including the use of cottage-style accommodation, where women share kitchen, bathroom and laundry facilities and are required to develop pro-social skills in cooking, budgeting and cleaning. The paper also presents relevant prison system management practices and operational developments, such as the good practices identified by the Office of the Inspector of Custodial Services Western Australia. The availability and evidence of the effectiveness of women’s corrections programs is also discussed, as well as the need to develop programs that will be practical for women upon leaving custody and the need evaluate programs properly. Examples discussed include the adaptation of the therapeutic community model for female prisoners and developing employment and education programs that enable women to gain skills in non-traditional areas. Consideration of security issues includes the implications of housing multiple security levels on the one site and the needs of remand prisoners. In addition, promising initiatives in relation to the physical and mental health of women prisoners are examined, including the introduction of ultrasound clinics and health promotion programs. Finally, the paper explores measures to enable female prisoners to meet their parental responsibilities. Key relevant practices in Australia include the availability of appropriately designed and maintained mother and child units and programs that model healthy family and social behaviour. By examining these issues and building up the knowledge base on good practice models for women’s prisons both in Australia and overseas, this paper highlights the need for the development of specific policies, practices and initiatives that acknowledge the gender-specific needs of female prisoners and place female rehabilitation as a central criminal justice priority in its own right and not merely as a complement to a male-centric model.

Good Practice in Women's Prisons: A Literature Review

Juvenile justice policy in Australia is dominated by three assumptions so widely accepted and so rarely challenged they might fairly be described as dogmas. The first assumption is that contact with the court system increases the risk of further offending (ie, is criminogenic). The second assumption is that restorative justice ('RJ') is more effective than traditional justice in reducing the risk of further offending. And the third assumption is that, left to their own devices, most juveniles grow out of crime. In other words, juvenile involvement in crime is for the most part transient and self-limiting.

Three dogmas of juvenile justice

Consideration of the media's representations of women who kill highlights dominant discourses in the framing of public responses to criminal acts of a particular kind, which in turn shapes legal responses to such acts. Generally, women who commit murder are, in some way, portrayed as an aberration of true womanhood — as either 'bad' or 'mad'. Through an overview of the vast literature that has examined the reportage of these women, we examine how this is done and consider whether the framing or portrayal is affected by the woman's relationship to her victim: a violent partner, a child, or a non-family member. We identify some common themes in the 'mad', 'bad' and 'sad' representations of these women, as well as a tendency to downplay information that might contextualise or explain the women's actions. Details of the women's appearance and sexuality were also emphasised in media reports, with particular attention given to sensationalised images, for example, depictions of debauchery, vampirism and lesbianism. By contrast, underlying social issues and causes are often not included. We therefore conclude that our ability to make sense of such crimes in a manner that may assist in their prevention is diminished.

How are Women Who Kill Portrayed in Newspaper Media? Connections with Social Values and the Legal System

Synopsis Consideration of the media's representations of women who kill highlights dominant discourses in the framing of public responses to criminal acts of a particular kind, which in turn shapes legal responses to such acts. Generally, women who commit murder are, in some way, portrayed as an aberration of true womanhood — as either ‘bad’ or ‘mad’. Through an overview of the vast literature that has examined the reportage of these women, we examine how this is done and consider whether the framing or portrayal is affected by the woman's relationship to her victim: a violent partner, a child, or a non-family member. We identify some common themes in the ‘mad’, ‘bad’ and ‘sad’ representations of these women, as well as a tendency to downplay information that might contextualise or explain the women's actions. Details of the women's appearance and sexuality were also emphasised in media reports, with particular attention given to sensationalised images, for example, depictions of debauchery, vampirism and lesbianism. By contrast, underlying social issues and causes are often not included. We therefore conclude that our ability to make sense of such crimes in a manner that may assist in their prevention is diminished.

How are women who kill portrayed in newspaper media? Connections with social values and the legal system

This report is a literature review on Indigenous women’s offending patterns and therefore provides an important contribution to understanding an often neglected area of criminal justice. The report presents information on Indigenous women as offenders and prisoners, as well as considering the issue of over-policing, including for juvenile Indigenous females. Data are also presented on community corrections and periodic detention and the under-utilisation of juvenile diversion. The majority of information in the report relates to Indigenous women as prisoners, including information on imprisonment rates and numbers. Significantly, the rate of imprisonment of Indigenous women across Australia rose from 346 to 369 per 100,000 between 2006 and June 2009. In addition, Indigenous women outnumbered Indigenous men as a proportion of the relevant prison population in almost all jurisdictions. Indigenous women generally serve shorter sentences than their non-Indigenous counterparts, which suggests that Indigenous women are being imprisoned for more minor offences, especially public order offences. Indigenous women are also more likely to be on remand than non-Indigenous women.The characteristics of Indigenous female prisoners are considered in this report, with particular reference to the comparatively high rates of hospital admissions for mental disorders and post-release mortality rates. Examination of Indigenous women’s role as mothers and carers highlights the need for further research and relevant services. Policing, court and corrections data provide an overview of the types of offences committed by Indigenous women, with particular reference to the offences of public drunkenness, assault and homicide. The relationship between Indigenous women’s offending patterns and their exposure to family violence is explored and highlights the need for further examination.

Lorana Bartels

Papers

Good Practice in Women's Prisons: A Literature Review

Three dogmas of juvenile justice

How are Women Who Kill Portrayed in Newspaper Media? Connections with Social Values and the Legal System

How are women who kill portrayed in newspaper media? Connections with social values and the legal system

Indigenous Women's Offending Patterns: A Literature Review