Established in 2006, TATA Africa Services (Nigeria) Limited operates as the nodal point for Tata businesses in West Africa. TATA Africa Services (Nigeria) Limited has a strong presence in Nigeria with investments exceeding USD 10 million. The company was established in Lagos, Nigeria as a subsidiary of TATA Africa Holdings (SA) (Pty) Limited, South Africa and serves as the hub of Tata’s operations in Nigeria and the rest of West Africa.

What About Us

Nos últimos trinta trinta anos, houve profundas mudanças na forma como compreendemos o crime e a justiça criminal. O crime tornou-se um evento simbólico, um verdadeiro teste para a ordem social e para as políticas governamentais, um desafio para a sociedade civil, para a democracia e para os direitos humanos. Segundo David Garland, professor da Faculdade de Direito da New York University, um dos principais autores no campo da Sociologia da Punição e com artigo publicado na Revista de Sociologia e Política , número 13, na modernidade tardia houve uma verdadeira obsessão securitária, direcionando as políticas criminais para um maior rigor em relação às penas e maior intolerância com o criminoso. Há trinta anos, nos EUA e na Inglaterra essa tendência era insuspeita. O livro mostra que os dois países compartilham intrigantes similaridades em suas práticas criminais, a despeito da divisão racial, das desigualdades econômicas e da letalidade violenta que marcam fortemente o cenário americano. Segundo David Garland, encontram-se nos dois países os “mesmos tipos de riscos e inseguranças, a mesma percepção a respeito dos problemas de um controle social não-efetivo, as mesmas críticas da justiça criminal tradicional, e as mesmas ansiedades recorrentes sobre mudança e ordem sociais”1 (GARLAND, 2001, p. 2). O argumento principal da obra é o seguinte: a modernidade tardia, esse distintivo padrão de relações sociais, econômicas e culturais, trouxe consigo um conjunto de riscos, inseguranças e problemas de controle social que deram uma configuração específica às nossas respostas ao crime, ao garantir os altos custos das políticas criminais, o grau máximo de duração das penas e a excessivas taxas de encarceramento.

http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rsocp/n20/n20a15.pdf

The culture of control: crime and social order in contemporary, society

Preface (1999) Preface (1990) 1. Subjects of Sex/Gender/Desire I. 'Women' as the Subject of Feminism II. The Compulsory Order of Sex/Gender/Desire III. Gender: The Circular Ruins of Contemporary Debate IV. Theorizing the Binary, the Unitary and Beyond V. Identity, Sex and the Metaphysics of Substance VI. Language, Power and the Strategies of Displacement 2. Prohibition, Psychoanalysis, and the Production of the Heterosexual Matrix I. Structuralism's Critical Exchange II. Lacan, Riviere, and the Strategies of Masquerade III. Freud and the Melancholia of Gender IV. Gender Complexity and the Limits of Identification V. Reformulating Prohibition as Power 3. Subversive Bodily Acts I. The Body Politics of Julia Kristeva II. Foucault, Herculine, and the Politics of Sexual Discontinuity III. Monique Wittig - Bodily Disintegration and Fictive Sex IV. Bodily Inscriptions, Performative Subversions Conclusion - From Parody to Politics

Postmodern Subjects, Postmodern BodiesThinking Fragments: Psychoanalysis, Feminism, and Postmodernism in the Contemporary WestYearning: Race, Gender, and Cultural PoliticsGender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity

4. Modelling Survival Data in Medical Research

新書介紹－－Learning as Transformation: Critical Perspectives on a Theory in Progress

This chapter presents a brief overview of some key law reform developments and other legislative initiatives recently passed into law in Australia. We discuss significant changes to the law on bail, evidentiary rules, sentencing, and legislation targeting one-punch deaths and cybercrime. We also examine laws designed to limit the activities of outlaw motorcycle (“bikie”) gangs and suspected terrorists. Our discussion highlights the importance of criminologists critically examining new measures with a view to providing an evaluation of the likely results. In particular, as criminologists, our role should include providing legislators and policy makers with ongoing advice, feedback, and, where appropriate, criticism of their efforts to shape the criminal law and field of criminal justice more generally.

Law Reform Targeting Crime and Disorder

This article examines the legal regulation of active voluntary euthanasia and assisted suicide in Australia. The Dying with Dignity Bill 2009 (Tas), which was recently defeated by the Tasmanian Parliament, is discussed, as well as other jurisdictions' past and present legislative developments in this context. The recent case law is also considered to ascertain how "mercy killing" or assisted suicide cases are dealt with by the criminal justice system, with particular reference to the case of R v Justins [2008] NSWSC 1194. This is followed by a critical evaluation of the key arguments for and against euthanasia. The article concludes by examining the significance of the Tasmanian Bill and the implications of such legislation.

https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID2689357_code1942883.pdf?abstractid=2188732&mirid=2

A Right to Die? Euthanasia and the Law in Australia

This paper examines the arguments for and against suspended sentences. The principal argument for such sentences include that they have a symbolic effect and provide a useful sentencing option; are an effective deterrent; enable offenders to avoid short terms of imprisonment and reduce the size of the prison population. The case against suspended sentences is that they are not real punishment and are seen as a ‘let off’ by offenders, the media and the public; there are theoretical difficulties in imposing the sentence and dealing with breaches; they cause net-widening and violate the proportionality principle and they favour middle-class offenders. The article evaluates these arguments against the background of in-depth recent research, especially in Tasmania and considers the practical and policy implications of qualitative and quantitative analyses of sentencing outcomes, reconviction and breach analyses and interviews with judicial officers.

An examination of the arguments for and against the use of suspended sentences

In this paper, an overview is presented of recent data on the carriage and use of knives. Analysis of the data indicated an increase in the use of knives as a proportion of all homicides, although the number of homicides remained relatively constant. The proportionate use of knives in robberies, by contrast, remained fairly constant, while the number of robberies decreased dramatically. Responses to the Drug Use Monitoring in Australia program for 2005-09 indicated that only a small proportion of respondents reported owning or using a knife as a weapon in the previous 12 months. The most common justification given for having a knife was self-defence. These findings have implications for legislation on the sale and carriage of knives, as well as for crime prevention measures. In particular, a better understanding of how and why knives are used in the commission of crime is vital when developing policy responses such as knife amnesties and education campaigns, and legislative measures such as stop and search powers and increased prison sentences. The limited information available on the nature, extent, cause, motivation and possible growth of knife carriage highlights the need for improved data collection, along with the development of clearer evidence for what works to reduce knife carrying and knife offences.

https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID2188680_code1942883.pdf?abstractid=2188680&mirid=4

Knife Crime: Recent Data on Carriage and Use

Suspended sentences are a controversial sentencing option currently available in all Australian jurisdictions. This article presents a qualitative analysis of all partly and wholly suspended sentences imposed in the Tasmanian Supreme Court over a two-year period. The importance of reasons for sentence is discussed and the relevance of a range of factors to the decision to suspend a sentence is considered. In particular, the discussion considers factors relating to the offender, for exampIe, prior record and youth; factors relating to the offence, especially where offences are committed in company; the response to the charges, such as cooperation with the authorities; and the effect of the offence and sanction, including hardship to the offender and others. In addition, cases which suggest an improper reasoning process was applied in exercising the discretion to suspend are reviewed.

Lorana Bartels

Papers

Law Reform Targeting Crime and Disorder

A Right to Die? Euthanasia and the Law in Australia

An examination of the arguments for and against the use of suspended sentences

Knife Crime: Recent Data on Carriage and Use

To suspend or not to suspend: a qualitative analysis of sentencing decisions in the Supreme Court of Tasmania