1 Front Matter 2 Executive Summary 3 Part I: Introduction to Reading 4 1. Introduction 5 2. The Process of Learning to Read 6 Part II: Who Are We Talking About? 7 3. Who Has Reading Difficulties? 8 4. Predictors of Success and Failure in Reading 9 Part III: Prevention and Intervention 10 5. Preventing Reading Difficulties Before Kindergarten 11 6. Instructional Strategies for Kindergarten and the Primary Grades 12 7. Organizational Strategies for Kindergarten and the Primary Grades 13 8. Helping Children with Reading Difficulties in Grades 1 to 3 14 Part IV: Knowledge into Action 15 9. The Agents of Change 16 10. Recommendations for Practice and Research 17 References 18 Biographical Sketches 19 Index

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Preventing reading difficulties in young children

Contents: M.H. Bornstein, Series Foreword. Socioeconomic Status, Parenting, and Child Development: An Introduction. Part I:SES: Measurement and Ecology. M.E. Ensminger, K. Fothergill, A Decade of Measuring SES: What It Tells Us and Where We Go From Here. M.H. Bornstein, C-S. Hahn, J.T.D. Suwalsky, O.M. Haynes, Socioeconomic Status, Parenting, and Child Development: The Hollingshead Four-Factor Index of Social Status and the Socioeconomic Index of Occupations. G.J. Duncan, K.A. Magnuson, Off With Hollingshead: Socioeconomic Resources, Parenting, and Child Development. A.J. Fuligni, H. Yoshikawa, Socioeconomic Resources, Parenting, Poverty, and Child Development Among Immigrant Families. L.W. Hoffman, Methodological Issues in Studies of SES, Parenting, and Child Development. Part II:SES: Parenting and Child Development. E. Hoff, Causes and Consequences of SES-Related Differences in Parent-to-Child Speech. R.H. Bradley, R.F. Corwyn, Age and Ethnic Variations in Family Process Mediators of SES. A.W. Gottfried, A.E. Gottfried, K. Bathurst, D.W. Guerin, M.M. Parramore, Socioeconomic Status in Children's Development and Family Environment: Infancy Through Adolescence. T. Leventhal, J. Brooks-Dunn, Moving on Up: Neighborhood Effects on Children and Families. R.M. Lerner, What Are SES Effects Effects of?: A Developmental Systems Perspective.

Socioeconomic Status, Parenting, and Child Development

The contributions of social processes and computational processes to early lexical development were evaluated. A re-analysis and review of previous research cast doubt on the sufficiency of social approaches to word learning. An empirical investigation of the relation of social-pragmatic and data-providing features of input to the productive vocabulary of sixty-three 2-year-old children revealed benefits of data provided in mother-child conversation, but no effects of social aspects of those conversations. The findings further revealed that the properties of data that benefit lexical development in 2-year-olds are quantity, lexical richness, and syntactic complexity. The nature of the computational mechanisms implied by these findings is discussed. An integrated account of the roles of social and computational processes to lexical development is proposed.

How Children Use Input to Acquire a Lexicon

A descriptive taxonomy, the pragmatic protocol, was developed for this study. The protocol consists of 30 pragmatic parameters of language. The purpose of the study was to test the utility of the t...

A clinical appraisal of the pragmatic aspects of language

More than 19,000 multisign utterances of an infant chimpanzee (Nim) were analyzed for syntactic and semantic regularities. Lexical regularities were observed in the case of two-sign combinations: particular signs (for example, more) tended to occur in a particular position. These regularities could not be attributed to memorization or to position habits, suggesting that they were structurally constrained. That conclusion, however, was invalidated by videotape analyses, which showed that most of Nim's utterances were prompted by his teacher's prior utterance, and that Nim interrupted his teachers to a much larger extent than a child interrupts an adult's speech. Signed utterances of other apes (as shown on films) revealed similar non-human patterns of discourse.

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/206/4421/891.full.pdf

Can an ape create a sentence

https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/doi/10.7916/D8Q531MW/download

Lorraine Rocissano

Papers

Adult-child discourse: Developmental interaction between information processing and linguistic knowledge