Ethnopharmacological approaches to wound healing--exploring medicinal plants of India.

Simple evaluation of the wound healing activity of a crude extract of Portulaca oleracea L. (growing in Jordan) in Mus musculus JVI-1

https://www.smgrowers.com/info/DragonsBlood_Tree_BotanyEtc.pdf

Dragon's blood : Botany, chemistry and therapeutic uses

The field of pharmacologic modulation of soft tissue repair is in its infancy. Although the soluble, cellular, and insoluble mediators that govern repair have not been elucidated, the application of pharmacologic concentrations of purified polypeptide growth factors, cytokines, and matrix molecules has nonetheless resulted in the acceleration of normal repair and the reversal of deficient repair in a wide variety of dermal wound models in animals. However, early clinical results using these factors have been less than encouraging, and their potential roles in the armamentarium of chronic wound therapies remain to be established.

Pharmacologic enhancement of wound healing

Acetyl glyceryl ether phosphorylcholine (AGEPC) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) induce concentration-dependent neutrophil aggregation. On a molar basis, LTB4 is approximately 10 to 100 times more potent than AGEPC. AGEPC-induced aggregation is attenuated by two inhibitors of arachidonate lipoxygenation, eicosatetraynoic acid and nordihydroguaiaretic acid, and to a lesser extent by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin. LTB4-induced aggregation is not readily reduced by the above inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism. Reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography, coupled with selective ion gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, shows that AGEPC stimulates neutrophils to synthesize sufficient LTB4 to account for the AGEPC response. In addition, the rate of LTB4 biosynthesis in response to AGEPC correlates well with the rate of AGEPC- and/or LTB4-induced neutrophils aggregation, and desensitization experiments indicate that AGEPC and LTB4 cross-desensitize. These data suggest that AGEPC-induced neutrophil aggregation may be mediated by LTB4.

/pdf/acetyl-glyceryl-ether-phosphorylcholine-stimulates-3g46c2pbvb.pdf

Acetyl glyceryl ether phosphorylcholine stimulates leukotriene B4 synthesis in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

Taspine (mol wt 369,000) is an alkaloid extracted from trees of Croton (family Euphorbiaceae) of the western Amazon region that has been used by natives and others as a vulnerary agent. Taspine was purified from tree sap to test its healing properties using different topical concentrations in the paired rat surgical incision model. Wound tensile strength and histology were evaluated. Samples treated with 250 micrograms, but not those treated with 50 micrograms or 10 micrograms, had significant higher values for MBS than paired controls (26%, P < 0.005, and 30%, P < 0.001, by Days 5 and 7, respectively). Taspine did not modify MBS at Day 12. Sample treated with 250 micrograms had significantly greater mononuclear cellular infiltration at Days 5 and 7 but not at Day 12. To better understand the effect of taspine as an enhancer of wound healing, we conducted in vitro studies in cell cultures. Taspine stimulated chemotaxis for fibroblasts. Taspine did not have an effect on specific assays for macrophage chemotaxis, neutrophil activation, fibroblast proliferation, or matrix assembly. Taken together, the data suggest that taspine promotes early phases of wound healing in a dose-dependent manner with no substantial modification thereafter. Its mechanism of action is probably related to its chemotactic properties on fibroblasts and is not mediated by changes in extracellular matrix.

Enhancement of wound healing by the alkaloid taspine defining mechanism of action.

5, 8, 11, 14 - Eicosatetranoic acid (ETYA) inhibits binding of N-Formyl-methionly-leucyl-phenylalanine (FLMP) to its receptor on human granulocytes: A note of caution

Phagocytic cell function

The substrate and inhibitor specificity of the lactic acid (Lac) transport system of human neutrophils was investigated. The ability of a variety of compounds to inhibit the influx of [14C]lactate, presumably reflecting competition by substrate analogues for binding at the external translocation site, was taken as an index of affinity for the Lac carrier. pH-stat techniques were utilized to assess transportability. Results indicate a relatively low order of selectivity, the neutrophil H+ + lactate− cotransport system demonstrating a broad acceptance of short-chain unsubstituted and substituted alkyl monocarboxylates as well as aromatic monocarboxylates. There was a slight preference for oxo, Cl, and OH substituents over other groups at the two-position of short chain alkyl fatty acids: all were readily transported across the plasma membrane at rates approaching that ofl-lactate itself. Aromatic acids were not transported inward by the carrier although these compounds did permeate via simple nonionic diffusion. The neutrophil Lac carrier can be blocked by a number of cyanocinnamate derivatives, the classical inhibitors of monocarboxylate transport in mitochondria, and by dithiol compounds and sulfhydryl-reactive agents. This constellation of biochemical properties is similar to the features that characterize other well described H+ + lactate− cotransport systems in red blood cells, Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, hepatocytes, and cardiac sarcolemmal vesicles, although significant differences exist when comparisons are made to the Na+-dependent lactate transporter of the kidney proximal tubule.

Louis Simchowitz

Papers

Enhancement of wound healing by the alkaloid taspine defining mechanism of action.

5, 8, 11, 14 - Eicosatetranoic acid (ETYA) inhibits binding of N-Formyl-methionly-leucyl-phenylalanine (FLMP) to its receptor on human granulocytes: A note of caution

Phagocytic cell function

Substrate and inhibitor specificity of the lactate carrier of human neutrophils.

Phagocytic cell function--an overview of recent advances.