Application of chitosan and its derivatives as adsorbents for dye removal from water and wastewater: a review.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are used in an increasing number of industrial products such as rubber, paint, coating, and cosmetics In the past two decades, ZnO NPs have become one of the most popular metal oxide nanoparticles in biological applications due to their excellent biocompatibility, economic, and low toxicity ZnO NPs have emerged a promising potential in biomedicine, especially in the fields of anticancer and antibacterial fields, which are involved with their potent ability to trigger excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, release zinc ions, and induce cell apoptosis In addition, zinc is well known to keep the structural integrity of insulin So, ZnO NPs also have been effectively developed for antidiabetic treatment Moreover, ZnO NPs show excellent luminescent properties and have turned them into one of the main candidates for bioimaging Here, we summarize the synthesis and recent advances of ZnO NPs in the biomedical fields, which will be helpful for facilitating their future research progress and focusing on biomedical fields

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The Advancing of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications

In recent years, enzyme immobilization has been presented as a powerful tool for the improvement of enzyme properties such as stability and reusability. However, the type of support material used plays a crucial role in the immobilization process due to the strong effect of these materials on the properties of the produced catalytic system. A large variety of inorganic and organic as well as hybrid and composite materials may be used as stable and efficient supports for biocatalysts. This review provides a general overview of the characteristics and properties of the materials applied for enzyme immobilization. For the purposes of this literature study, support materials are divided into two main groups, called Classic and New materials. The review will be useful in selection of appropriate support materials with tailored properties for the production of highly effective biocatalytic systems for use in various processes.

A general overview of support materials for enzyme immobilization: Characteristics, properties, practical utility

Metal oxide nanoparticles as antimicrobial agents: a promise for the future

Tailor-made microparticles and nanoparticles are finding increasing use in food products to alter their nutritional characteristics, flavor profile, appearance, rheology, stability, and processability. These particles are often fabricated from food-grade biopolymers, such as proteins and polysaccharides. Food biopolymers display a diverse range of molecular and physicochemical properties (e.g. molecular weight, charge, branching, flexibility, polarity, and solubility) which enables the assembly of colloidal particles that exhibit a broad range of functional attributes. By careful selection of appropriate biopolymers and assembly methods, biopolymer particles can be fabricated with tailored behaviors or features. In this article, we review recent developments in the design and fabrication of functional biopolymer nanoparticles and microparticles, and highlight some of the challenges that will be the focus of future research.

Biopolymer-based nanoparticles and microparticles: Fabrication, characterization, and application

Bacterial contamination reduces the shelf-life of foods and presents serious risks to human health. Nanotechnology provides the opportunity for the development of new antibacterial agents. Nano-inorganic metal oxides have shown the potential to reduce bacterial contamination of foods. When the particle size of materials decreases from the micrometre to the nanometre range, nano-functional properties such as diffusivity, mechanical strength, chemical reactivity and biological properties are improved. Significantly, ZnO has been used in many applications with particular success. Many studies have shown that ZnO nanoparticles have enhanced antibacterial activity. This review discusses the main synthetic methods, antibacterial activity, antibacterial mechanisms and food applications of ZnO nanoparticles.

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Synthesis, antibacterial activity, antibacterial mechanism and food applications of ZnO nanoparticles: a review

Encapsulation and immobilization technology is important for the food processing and bioengineering industries. Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide prepared by the N - deacetylation of chitin. It has been widely used in food and bioengineering industries, including the encapsulation of active food ingredients, in enzyme immobilization, and as a carrier for controlled drug delivery, due to its significant biological and chemical properties such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, bioactivity, and polycationicity. In this work, chitosan nanoparticles and nanofibers used to encapsulate bioactive substances and immobilize enzymes were reviewed. Preparation of chitosan nanoparticles and nanofibers, including the work achieved in our group on chitosan nanoparticles for enzyme immobilization, were also introduced. Some problems encountered with nano - structured chitosan carriers for bioactive substance encapsulation and enzyme immobilization were discussed, together with the future prospects of such systems.

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Preparation and application of chitosan nanoparticles and nanofibers

Encapsulation of probiotic Lactobacillus bulgaricus in alginate–milk microspheres and evaluation of the survival in simulated gastrointestinal conditions

The antibacterial activity and antibacterial mechanism of a polysaccharide from Cordyceps cicadae

Summary
Owing to their considerable beneficial effects on human health, probiotics have been increasingly incorporated into food products. However, many findings have demonstrated that their survival and stability are very sensitive to processing and host gastrointestinal tract. To solve these problems, encapsulation techniques have been received considerable attention these days. So, in this review paper, methods for probiotics encapsulation, alginate-based and protein-based materials for probiotics encapsulation and application of encapsulated probiotics in food industry were discussed.

Lu-E Shi

Papers

Synthesis, antibacterial activity, antibacterial mechanism and food applications of ZnO nanoparticles: a review

Preparation and application of chitosan nanoparticles and nanofibers

Encapsulation of probiotic Lactobacillus bulgaricus in alginate–milk microspheres and evaluation of the survival in simulated gastrointestinal conditions

The antibacterial activity and antibacterial mechanism of a polysaccharide from Cordyceps cicadae

Alginate-based and protein-based materials for probiotics encapsulation: a review