We redescribe the only previously known species of Myrsidea from bulbuls, M. pycnonoti Eichler. Sixteen new species are described; they and their type hosts are: M. phillipsi ex Pycnonotus goiavier goiavier (Scopoli), M. gieferi ex P. goiavier suluensis Mearns, M. kulpai ex P. flavescens Blyth, M. finlaysoni ex P. finlaysoni Strickland, M. kathleenae ex P. cafer (L.), M. warwicki ex Ixos philippinus (J. R. Forster), M. mcclurei ex Microscelis amaurotis (Temminck), M. zeylanici ex P. zeylanicus (Gmelin), M. plumosi ex P. plumosus Blyth, M. eutiloti ex P. eutilotus (Jardine and Selby), M. adamsae ex P. urostictus (Salvadori), M. ochracei ex Criniger ochraceus F. Moore, M. borbonici ex Hypsipetes borbonicus (J. R. Forster), M. johnsoni ex P. atriceps (Temminck), M. palmai ex C. ochraceus, and M. claytoni ex P. eutilotus. A key is provided for the identification of these 17 species.

A new species

1. Introductory remarks 2. Convolvulacaea 2. Scrophulariaceae, Gesneriaceae, Labiatae, etc. 4. Cruciferae, Papaveraceae, Resedaceae, etc. 5. Geraniaceae, Leguminosae, Onagraceae, etc. 6. Solanaceae, Primulaceae, Polygoneae, etc. 7. Summary of the heights and weights of the crossed and self-fertilised plants 8. Difference between crossed and self-fertilised plants in constitutional vigour and in other respects 9. The effects of cross-fertilisation and self-fertilisation on the production of seeds 10. Means of fertilisation 11. The habits of insects in relation to the fertilisation of flowers 12. General results Index.

The Effects of Cross and Self Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom: CONVOLVULACEÆ

The link between protected areas and tourism is as old as the history of protected areas. Though the relationship is complex and sometimes adversarial, tourism is always a critical component to consider in the establishment and management of protected areas. These guidelines aim to build an understanding of protected area tourism, and its management. They provide both a theoretical structure and practical guidelines for managers. The underlying aim is to ensure that tourism contributes to the purposes of protected areas and does not undermine them.

Sustainable tourism in protected areas : guidelines for planning and management (Russian version)

Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Synthesis

Global Biodiversity Assessment

I nstiu eof l adC r,Mkp N U v y J m534-729KABSTRACT: This paper describes the role of ethnoecology in supporting tourism. We conducted a case study on the island of Bali (Indonesia), the famous tourism destination. We review the culture, nature and ecotourism prospects of Bali and then extend our discussion to examine the role of indigenous philosophies in building the destination’s image. Bali has a rich culture and natural resources that have been utilized and managed through an indigenous philosophy called Tri Hita Karana. Ethnoecology is widely applied and appreciated in the society and has produced Balinese cultural landscapes that have become significant tourism attractions. There has been a recent increase in tourist desire to explore genuine Balinese culture, so ethnoecology has a significant role in the quest to preserve and conserve such indigenous cultural landscapes. Ethnoecology is a key to ensuring and sustaining the images and authenticity of Bali Island. In this paper, we considered the landscape of rice paddies as a cultural landscape and resource for tourism. The structure and function of paddy terrace landscapes is based on the ethnoecology of Tri Hita Karana; therefore, in order to understand nature and ecotourism in Bali Island, knowledge of indigenous philosophy is indispensable. Cultural landscapes that link human and natural systems are not only places of natural beauty but also provide background information about the history of human adaptations to nature. Key words: Authenticity, Bali Island, Cultural ecology, Ecotourism, Ethnoecology, Sustainable development

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Cultural Landscape and Ecotourism in Bali Island, Indonesia

Recent conditions in North Sulawesi Province (NSP) have become favorable for the development of tourism. In this paper, we present the recent status of biodiversity and tourism in NSP as a basic consideration towards integrative biodiversity conservation strategy. Overall, biological accounts suggest that NSP is important for the world biodiversity conservation program. NSP`s biodiversity makes the area a major nature-based tourism (ecotourism) site in the world. Development of diverse tourism programs in NSP has provided new opportunities for balancing development and conservation of regional ecosystems. However, the excessive tourism growth in some particular areas in NSP has been identified as the primary factor of environmental degradation. Nowadays, biodiversity of North Sulawesi regions are suffering from the number of tourist impacts and facilities. Based on those conditions, tourism planning and development in NSP is needed to formulate a proper strategy to protect the ecosystem and biodiversity from degradation and extinction. This will be a new challenge of sustainable island tourism development and biodiversity conservation in NSP.

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Challenges for conserving biodiversity and developing sustainable island tourism in North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia

An analysis of the role of mangrove ecosystems in tourism was undertaken in order to build a strategy for mangrove conservation and conceptualize sustainable mangrove-based tourism development in East Java, Indonesia. The results of the present study suggest that mangroves could be used as nature-based tourism destinations. While tourism in mangrove areas in East Java clearly contributes to mangrove conservation, it still lacks a mangrove tour program, in which it is important to deliver the objectives of ecotourism. For the sustainable use of mangrove biodiversity as a tourist attraction, it is essential to know the basic characteristics of mangroves and establish mangrove tourism programs which are able to support a conservation program. It is also crucial to involve and strengthen the participation of local communities surrounding mangrove areas. The involvement of local wisdom could increase the sustainability of mangrove ecosystems.

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Mangrove Conservation in East Java: the Ecotourism Development Perspectives

Ethnobotanical study on local cuisine of the Sasak tribe in Lombok Island, Indonesia

Restoration programs in conservation areas need a basis data regarding plant species di versity which is indigenous for the restoration area target. The availability of such data is use ful for selecting appropriate plant species for reintroduction programs as a crucial part in restoration programs. The aim of this paper is to identify potential plant trees species for a restoration program in tropical highland ecosystem. There are potential plant trees species for Ranupani area, including Acer laurinum , Acmena acuminatissima , Casuarina junghuhniana , Dacrycarpus imbricatus , Engelhardtia spicata , Myrsine korthalsii , Lithocarpus sundaicus , Lithocarpus korthalsii , Macropanax dispermum , Trema orientalis , Turpinia sphaerocarpa , Omalanthus giganteus , and Astronia spectabilis . Some of them, i.e. Engelhardtia spicata , Omalanthus giganteus , Astronia spectabilis , Trema orientalis and Casuarina junghuhniana play an important role as pioneer species. In the first step of restoration program implemen tation, these species can be planted with some pioneer native shrubs and herbs to initiate and accelerate the succession process in the restoration areas. Mountain biodiversity; degradation; restoration; native species; lakes ecosystem; succes sion.

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Luchman Hakim

Papers

Cultural Landscape and Ecotourism in Bali Island, Indonesia

Challenges for conserving biodiversity and developing sustainable island tourism in North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia

Mangrove Conservation in East Java: the Ecotourism Development Perspectives

Ethnobotanical study on local cuisine of the Sasak tribe in Lombok Island, Indonesia

Plant trees species for restoration program in Ranupani, Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park Indonesia