The science of the total environment

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A comprehensive review on the applications of coal fly ash

Geopolymerization is a developing field of research for utilizing solid waste and by-products. It provides a mature and cost-effective solution to many problems where hazardous residue has to be treated and stored under critical environmental conditions. Geopolymer involves the silicates and aluminates of by-products to undergo process of geopolymerization. It is environmentally friendly and need moderate energy to produce. This review presents the work carried out on the chemical reaction, the source materials, and the factor affecting geopolymerization. Literature demonstrates that certain mix compositions and reaction conditions such as Al2O3/SiO2, alkali concentration, curing temperature with curing time, water/solid ratio and pH significantly influences the formation and properties of a geopolymer. It is utilized to manufacture precast structures and non-structural elements, concrete pavements, concrete products and immobilization of toxic metal bearing waste that are resistant to heat and aggressive environment. Geopolymers gain 70% of the final strength in first 3–4 h of curing.

Mechanism of geopolymerization and factors influencing its development: a review

A review on heavy metal pollution, toxicity and remedial measures: Current trends and future perspectives

Fly ash-based geopolymer: clean production, properties and applications

There is growing interest in processing and utilizing the red mud by-product of the Bayer process for alumina extraction from bauxite. This interest stems largely from the environmental impacts associated with red mud and the storage costs involved. Furthermore, complete utilization of the raw materials, in this case bauxite, meets an ecological concept while ensuring raw material conservation. To prepare this article, the authors perused approximately 100 patents and articles in order to provide a concise description of the methods of storing red mud and its uses as a flocculant or construction material and in other minor applications. Special attention has been given to the methods developed for recovering metals contained in the red mud.

Recovering metals from red mud generated during alumina production

Mechanical and leaching properties of cement solidified hospital solid waste incinerator fly ash

Application of solvent extraction operation to recover rare earths from fluorescent lamps

Large amounts of a waste known as tomato pomace and consisting mainly of the fruit peel and seeds are generated annually from the industrial processing of tomatoes. This material is rich in lycopene, a phytochemical with antioxidant and chemopreventive properties, and contains many valuable nutrients. In this study, we have investigated the possibility of using the whole waste to produce a lycopene-enriched seed oil. The oil was obtained by cold-pressing the seeds and was subsequently enriched in lycopene (up to 500 ppm) by incorporation of a tomato oleoresin derived from the peels. To increase lycopene recovery, the peels were pretreated with cell-wall-degrading enzymes and solvent extracted. This procedure allowed the production of about 25 kg/ton oleoresin with an average lycopene content of 6.8 wt.%. The compositional characteristics of the oil combined with the production of significant amounts of oleoresin strongly support the use of tomato pomace for producing lycopene-based functional products.

Enzyme-Assisted Production of Tomato Seed Oil Enriched with Lycopene from Tomato Pomace

Drinking water contamination by fluoride is recognized as a major public health problem in many parts of the world. In fact, although fluoride is an essential trace element for animals and humans, excessive fluoride intake may cause adverse health effects. In this study we investigated the potential of a natural, high alumina content, bauxite for the removal of fluoride from contaminated water. Both batch and continuous experiments were performed. In continuous-flow column experiments, the effects of inlet fluoride concentration (5–50 mg L

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Luigi Piga

Papers

Recovering metals from red mud generated during alumina production

Mechanical and leaching properties of cement solidified hospital solid waste incinerator fly ash

Application of solvent extraction operation to recover rare earths from fluorescent lamps

Enzyme-Assisted Production of Tomato Seed Oil Enriched with Lycopene from Tomato Pomace

Fluoride Removal from Water by Adsorption on a High Alumina Content Bauxite