Ornamental palms are an economically important component of international trade yet have recently experienced yield losses in Mexico due to red ring and bud rot diseases, which are spread by Rhynchophorus palmarum L. Considering that massive capture is a common strategy to control this pest and the cost of commercial traps and baits could be inaccessible for small farmers, an inexpensive trap–bait combination is desired. In this study, 16 trap–bait combinations for capturing R. palmarum were assessed in ornamental palm polycultures over the course of 1 year. An expensive yellow bucket trap combined with aggregation pheromone + insecticide + banana was compared with inexpensive, handmade trap–bait combinations. A total of 4712 weevils were collected in all traps, of which 52.7% were male and 47.3% female. The efficacy of the handmade trap made from a colorless polyethylene bottle and baited with banana + pineapple + sugarcane + sugarcane molasses was similar to that of the yellow bucket trap baited with aggregation pheromone + insecticide + banana. These two trap–bait combinations remained effective even when the R. palmarum population significantly decreased during the dry, warm season. The affordable handmade trap baited with food attractants and without insecticides was highly efficient in capturing R. palmarum and therefore represents an effective tool for monitoring weevil populations. As ornamental crops have recently gained greater economic importance in the studied region, the use of a novel and cheap trap–bait combination could offer great benefits to producers and form part of the integrated management of R. palmarum.

Efficacy and Cost of Trap–Bait Combinations for Capturing Rhynchophorus palmarum L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Ornamental Palm Polycultures

The knowledge on water demand of the cultures is essential to remain the levels of water in the soil in conditions of attending to the water needs of crops, cultivated in monoculture and/or intercropping system. The objective of this work was to determine the crop coefficients (Kc’s) of the herbaceous cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), BRS Camacari cultivate and of the cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) BRS Guariba cultivate, in mono and intercropping systems and in its several stadiums of development. The experiment was carried in the Experimental Area of the Embrapa Mid-North, in Teresina, Piaui State. The Kc's for the herbaceous cotton, in monoculture system range of 0.39 to 1.16 obtanining the maximum value, at 57 days after sowing. The Kc of the cotton, in intercropping system with the cowpea, presents the minimum value of 0.53 and maximum of 1.34, at 55 days after sowing. The Kc of the cowpea, in monocropping system, presents minimum value of 0.45 and maximum of 1.13, at 50 days after sowing.

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Coeficientes de cultura do algodão herbáceo e do feijão-caupi em sistemas monocultivo e consorciado. DOI:10.7127/rbai.v7n300015

Investigations related to the effects of the hydrogel use in a water-deficit conditions on the biochemical composition of the harvested products are scarce. The aim of this study was to verify the influence of hydrogel on the biochemical response of cowpea beans produced under water-deficit in southern Tocantins. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with four replications. The treatments were obtained in a 2x5 factorial scheme, being: two sources of hydrogel (Hydroplan-EB HyC and Polim-Agri PP) and five concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20kg ha-1). After harvesting, the grains of cowpea, BRS Vinagre cultivar, were ground and chemically analyzed. The oil content of the seeds agreed with the reference values. The use of Polim-Agri PP promoted the best levels of amino acids (0.38mg g-1) and proteins (243.22mg g-1) of the grains. The carbohydrate content of them (Ȳ= 81.44mg g-1) was better using Hydroplan-EB HyC, regardless of the concentration applied. The application of 6.28kg ha-1 of Polim-Agri PP provided the highest starch content (842g mg-1). The use of hydrogel improves the biochemical quality of cowpea beans produced under water deficit in southern Tocantins.

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Biochemical quality of cowpea beans grown under water-deficit maintained with hydrogel

This study aimed to monitor the population fluctuation of Cophes notaticeps (Marshall) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in a jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) plantation in the Federal District, Brazil, through the use of a new trap, combined with different attractive lures and trap colors. The study was conducted at Embrapa Cerrados (Planaltina/DF) in a field trial with 720 plants. The new trap, named CPAC16, was made with PVC pipes (100 mm in diameter) of about 40 cm in length, with a window (8 × 10 cm2) in its center to enable insect access. A lure compartment was fixed on the inside of the trap`s top, and a pot, containing water and detergent, was placed at its bottom to collect the insects. The traps were painted in red, yellow, blue and green. Molasses, ethanol and pineapple were used as attractive lures. The traps were in the field trial area between May 2013 and April 2014 and the insects were collected weekly. The incidence of plants presenting damage caused by C. notaticeps was evaluated in the beginning and at the end of the study. The CPAC16 trap proved efficient in monitoring C. notaticeps. About 3494 of C. notaticeps adults were collected during the study. There were no significant differences among traps painted with different colors. The most attractive lure was molasses collecting 75.2% (n = 2627) of the specimens. Although the population peak occurred in December (n = 1162), C. notaticeps were collected throughout the year. The incidence of plants attacked by C. notaticeps ranged from 66.4% (start) to 100% (end).

Measuring population fluctuation of jatropha stem-borer [Cophes notaticeps (Marshall)] in the Brazilian Cerrado using a new trap.

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is an African palm that is distinguished by its elevated oil production per unit area, however, fitossanitary problems are one of its the main drawbacks. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the spatial distribution pattern of the Rhynchophorus palmarum (L) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in oil palm plantations with geo-statistical procedures in the south of the state of Roraima, Brazil. The 25 ha of experimental area is located in the municilaity of Sao Joao da Baliza, RR, where 24 samples were carried out in the period from September 2013 to August 2014. For the insects collection, a buckettype trap with food attractant (sugarcane) was placed in each one of the 100 sampling points. Analyses of spatial variability and spatial dependence were held by the incorporation of geo-statistical procedures based on spatial modeling techniques by semivariagrams. The spatial distribution of the R. palmarum is aggregated with spatial dependence described by the spherical model, forming clusters of 100 to 210 m radius. It was observed that R. palmarum infestation takes place both in the center just as on the edges of the plantation, with later dissemination to the entire area. The maximum range found in the study was of 210 m, with an area of influence of 13.9 ha.

Spatial distribution of Rhynchophorus palmarum L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in oil palm, Roraima State, Brazil

EVAPOTRANSPIRACAO E COEFICIENTE DE CULTIVO DO FEIJAO-CAUPI CULTIVADO EM SOLO DO CERRADO SUBMETIDO A COBERTURA MORTA HIPOLITO MURGA-ORRILLO 1 ; WELLINGTON FARIAS ARAUJO 2 ; PAULO ROBERTO RIBEIRO ROCHA 3 ; ROBERTO TADASHI SAKAZAKI 4 ; LUIZ FERNANDES SILVA DIONISIO 5 E ANA ROSA POLO-VARGAS 6 1 Engenheiro Agronomo, Prof. Invitado, Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca, (UNC), Av. Atahualpa No 1050- Carretera Cajamarca-Banos del Inca, Cajamarca, Peru. leohmurga@gmail.com 2 Engenheiro Agronomo, Prof. Dr. Associado da UFRR/CCA, Boa Vista, RR. wellington.araujo@ufrr.br 3 Engenheiro Agronomo, Prof. Adjunto da UFRR/CCA, Boa Vista, RR. pauloagro01@yahoo.com.br 4 Engenheiro Agronomo, Doutorando na UFRR/CCA, Boa Vista, RR. sakazakitadashi@gmail.com 5 Engenheiro Florestal, Doutorando na UFRA, Belem, PA. fernandesluiz03@gmail.com 6 Engenheiro Agronomo, Graduada na UNC, Av. Atahualpa No 1050- Carretera Cajamarca-Banos del Inca, Cajamarca, Peru. polovargasar@gmail.com 1        RESUMO O conhecimento dos parâmetros hidricos de uma cultura e fundamental para o incremento da produtividade sem o desperdicio de agua. Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho determinar a evapotranspiracao (ETc) e o coeficiente de cultivo (Kc) da cultura de feijao-caupi ( Vigna unguiculata L.) cv. Novaera, em condicoes de solo com e sem o uso de cobertura morta. O experimento foi conduzido no campus Cauame da Universidade Federal de Roraima, em Boa Vista, RR, entre os meses de abril a julho de 2014. A evapotranspiracao de cultivo (ETc) foi obtida por meio de lisimetro de drenagem. Os resultados evidenciaram que a ETc do feijao-caupi para ciclo da cultura sem e com cobertura morta foram de 311,0 e 260,4 mm, com valores medios de 3,5 e 3,0 mm dia -1 , respetivamente. O estadio fenologico de maior demanda hidrica foi o reprodutivo atingindo valores de 5,4 mm dia -1 em solo sem cobertura e 4,9 mm dia -1 em solo com cobertura. Os Kc's pelos estadios de desenvolvimento, inicial (I), crescimento (II), reprodutivo (III), e final (IV) pelo metodo de Penman-Monteith foram equivalentes a 0,42; 0,82; 1,60 e 0,79 em solo sem cobertura morta, e 0,30; 0,73; 1,46 e 0,56 em solo com cobertura morta. Semelhante, o metodo de Jensen-Haise apresentou valores de 0,38; 0,76; 1,31 e 0,61 em solo sem cobertura morta e 0,29; 0,67; 1,19 e 0,42 em solo com cobertura morta. Palavras-chave: Vigna unguiculata. Otimizacao de uso de agua. Consumo hidrico . MURGA-ORRILLO, H.; ARAUJO, W. F.; ROCHA, P. R. R.; SAKAZAKI, R. T.; DIONISIO, L. F. S; POLO-VARGAS, A. R. EVAPOTRANSPIRATION (ETc) AND CROP COEFFICIENT (Kc) OF COWPEA CROP IN SOIL WITH AND WITHOUT MULCH COVER IN THE RORAIMA SAVANNAH 2        ABSTRACT The determination of water parameters of a crop during its development is essential to maintain yield without wasting water. This study aimed to determine evapotranspiration (ETc) and crop coefficient (Kc) of cowpea crop (Vigna unguiculata L.) cv. Novaera during the various stages of development in soil conditions with and without mulch. The experiment was conducted in Cauame, campus of the Federal University of Roraima, from April to July 2014, Boa Vista, Roraima state. Evapotranspiration cultivation (ETc) was obtained by drainage lysimeter, while the evapotranspiration reference (ETo) was estimated by Penman-Monteith and Jensen-Haise methods. The results determined that water consumption of cowpea in soil conditions with and without mulch were 311.0 and 260.4 mm, respectively. For Kc's developmental stages, initial (I), growth (II), reproductive (III), and final (IV), Penman-Monteith method showed values of 0.42, 0.82, 1.60, and 0.79 in soil without mulch, and 0.30, 0.73, 1.46, and 0.56 in soil with mulch, although the Jensen-Haise method showed values of 0.38, 0.76, 1.31 and 0.61 in soil with mulch and 0.29, 0.67, 1.19, and 0.42 in soil with mulch. Keywords: Vigna unguiculata. Optimization of water use. Water consumption

https://irriga.fca.unesp.br/index.php/irriga/article/download/1933/1392

Evapotranspiração e coeficiente de cultivo do feijão-caupi cultivado em solo do cerrado submetido à cobertura morta

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a ﬂutuacao populacional de Rhynchophorus palmarum L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) em plantios de Elaeis guineensis Jacq, em ecossistemas de savana e floresta no estado de Roraima. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida durante o periodo de janeiro de 2011 a fevereiro de 2012 nos campos experimentais da Embrapa Roraima: Monte Cristo e Caroebe, numa area de 2 hectares com a cultura da Palma de Oleo, em cada campo. Foram distribuidas armadilhas iscadas com roletes de cana-de-acucar e feromonio de agregacao para captura dos insetos no entorno dos plantios. Ocorreu flutuacao de R. palmarum com picos populacionais nos meses de julho e agosto no ecossistema de savana e de abril a setembro no ambiente de floresta. A populacao de R. palmarum foi menor em meses de baixa precipitacao pluviometrica nos dois ambientes avaliados com a Palma de Oleo em Roraima Population Fluctuation of Rhynchophorus  palmarum  L.  (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Plantations of Oil Palm in Roraima Abstract. This research aimed to evaluate the population fluctuation Rhynchophorus palmarum L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Elaeis guineensis Jacq plantations in forest and savanna ecosystems in the state of Roraima. The research was conducted during the period from January 2011 to February 2012 in the experimental field of Embrapa Roraima: Monte Cristo and Caroebe in an area of 2 hectares with culture Oil Palm in each field. Traps baited with rollers cane sugar and aggregation pheromone for capturing insects in the vicinity of the plantations were distributed. Fluctuation occurred R. palmarum with population peaks in the months of July and August in the savanna ecosystem and from April to September in the forest environment. The population of R. palmarum was lower in months of low rainfall in the two environments assessed with a palm-oil-in Roraima.

https://www.entomobrasilis.org/index.php/ebras/article/download/ebrasilis.v8i2.490/334

Luiz Fernandes Silva Dionisio

Papers

Evapotranspiração e coeficiente de cultivo do feijão-caupi cultivado em solo do cerrado submetido à cobertura morta

Flutuação Populacional de Rhynchophorus palmarum L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) em Plantios de Palma de Óleo em Roraima