Objective To provide an accurate estimate of violent war deaths. Design Analysis of survey data on mortality, adjusted for sampling bias and censoring, from nationally representative surveys designed to measure population health. Estimated deaths compared with estimates in database of passive reports. Setting 2002-3 World health surveys, in which information was collected from one respondent per household about sibling deaths, including whether such deaths resulted from war injuries. Main outcome measure Estimated deaths from war injuries in 13 countries over 50 years. Results From 1955 to 2002, data from the surveys indicated an estimated 5.4 million violent war deaths (95% confidence interval 3.0 to 8.7 million) in 13 countries, ranging from 7000 in the Democratic Republic of Congo to 3.8 million in Vietnam. From 1995 to 2002 survey data indicate 36 000 war deaths annually (16 000 to 71 000) in the 13 countries studied. Data from passive surveillance, however, indicated a figure of only a third of this. On the basis of the relation between world health survey data and passive reports, we estimate 378 000 globalwar deaths annually from 1985-94, the last years for which complete passive surveillance data were available. Conclusions The use of data on sibling history from peacetime population surveys can retrospectively estimate mortality from war. War causes more deaths than previously estimated, and there is no evidence to support a recent decline in war deaths.

https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/336/7659/1482.full.pdf

Fifty years of violent war deaths from Vietnam to Bosnia: analysis of data from the world health survey programme.

Apres un rappel des evenements historiques qu'ont connu l'Indonesie (1965-1966, Sukarno, parti communiste, contre-revolution militaire) et le Cambodge (1975-1979, Lon Nol, Sihanouk, communistes vietnamiens, Khmers Rouges) ayant debouche sur des genocides, l'A. compare et analyse ces tueries. Si ces deux entites different en ce qui concerne leur taille, leur pouvoir, leurs cultures politique et ethnique, elles ont toutes deux connu de nombreuses crises politiques. L'A. reprend la theorie du genocide et degage les problemes legitimes, l'exclusion morale, le blâme envers les victimes et la tolerance des « patrons » (Etats-Unis, Chine). Vulnerabilite nationale, guerre, creation d'un nouveau monde, prejuges envers des « ennemis » sont les precurseurs d'un genocide.

Revolutionary and Antirevolutionary Genocides: A Comparison of State Murders in Democratic Kampuchea, 1975 to 1979, and in Indonesia, 1965 to 1966

This article examines men's use of physical punishment when interacting with their sons or grandsons in rural Vietnam. By drawing on two periods of anthropological fieldwork in a northern Vietnamese commune, the article analyses the ways in which violence is informed by, while also perpetually reinforcing, a masculine discourse. Vietnam has ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child and in this spirit virtually all men in the local community disapprove of the use of physical punishment when bringing up boys. However, a father or grandfather occasionally beats his son or grandson when it is deemed necessary to instil discipline in a boy. The article elucidates the ways in which the contradictions between ideals of nonviolent behaviour and actual corporal punishment have fed the construction of certain codes regarding men's beating of boys.

Masculinity And Punishment Men's upbringing of boys in rural Vietnam

The Value of Dust: Policy, Citizenship and Vietnam's Amerasian Children

Assessing the Contextual Effect of Autobiographical and Media Memory

The conveners (the editors of this book) of the September 1989 Four Anniversaries China Conference in Annapolis, asked the contributors to look back from that point in time to consider four major events in modern Chinese history in the perspective of the rapid changes that were shaping the Chinese society, economy, polity, and sense of place in the world in the 1980s, a time when China was making rapid strides toward becoming more integrated with the outside world. With contributions by distinguished scholars in the field, the four anniversaries considered are the High Qing, the May Fourth Movement, forty years of communism in China, and ten years of the Deng era.

The Vietnam War : Vietnamese and American perspectives

This “Interchange” discussion took place online over the course of several months in the fall of 2005. We wanted the “Interchange” to be free flowing; therefore we encouraged participants not only to respond to questions posed by the JAH but also to communicate with each other directly. What follows is an edited version of the very lively online conversation that resulted. We hope JAH readers find it of interest.

Luu Doan Huynh

Papers

The Vietnam War : Vietnamese and American perspectives

Interchange: Legacies of the Vietnam War