[신간의 별자리x] 우리/미술, 그리고 ‘슬픔의 박물관’

Intermolecular And Surface Forces

Inactivation credit of UV radiation for viruses, bacteria and protozoan (oo)cysts in water: a review.

Characterisation of aquatic humic and non-humic matter with size-exclusion chromatography--organic carbon detection--organic nitrogen detection (LC-OCD-OND).

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Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis

This paper presents an outline of the effects of photoelectrocatalytic operating parameters in a batch reactor on the kinetics of photo(electro) catalytic (PEC) oxidation, using phenol as a model compound. Process parameters and electrode configuration were varied to examine which mechanism becomes dominant under which conditions. The parameters studied were: the effect of the TiO2 layer thickness, agitation, different light intensities (UV300–400), and the initial concentration of phenol in an aqueous solution as encountered in practice. The findings show that there is an optimal catalyst-layer thickness for oxidation efficiency, which is six layers. A higher initial concentration of phenol led to a higher overall degradation percentage of phenol as well, highlighting the importance of the surface area of the catalyst. Increasing the solar light intensity increased the kinetics of phenol oxidation due to the increasing concentration of reactive OH. However, the energy efficiency for the lower intensities was in the range of 0.1–2.7 kW h m−3 and was up to 1.3 times more energy efficient than the system using higher intensities. At low light intensity reactions, the electron–hole recombination effect was negligible. A trade-off exists between the energy efficiency of the system and the desired level of degradation of the chosen pollutant to obtain the desired rate of the reaction with an optimal energy consumption. The results can be used to optimize the performance of photoelectrocatalytic reactors to be used for the treatment of water containing micropollutants.

Optimisation of parameters in a solar light-induced photoelectrocatalytic process with a TiO2/Ti composite electrode prepared by paint-thermal decomposition

This chapter explains a basic approach to estimating the financial costs of installing, maintaining and operating a small-scale drinking-water supply. The outcome of such estimates for various interventions can then be used, along with estimates of the total benefits expected from water improvements, to select the best intervention for a given target group by comparing rates of return. The choice of the best intervention for a specific community will be made in the context of the livelihood patterns of that particular community, and after assigning shadow prices to certain costs. Costing is but one step in the economic assessment of a water supply project, and an economic assessment is one element in the set of information likely to be used by decision-makers to select the type of system to implement. The full set of information likely to be needed by decision-makers would include economic, environmental, health, social and technical assessments, and feasibility studies.

Estimating costs of small-scale water-supply interventions

https://repository.tudelft.nl/islandora/object/uuid%3A70b6bff4-8332-4393-9bb1-ad01eb153d0c/datastream/OBJ/download

Integration of oxalic acid chelation and Fenton process for synergistic relaxation-oxidation of persistent gel-like fouling of ceramic nanofiltration membranes

Ultrasound, closed-circuit television (CCTV) and Panoramo® are capable of inspecting drinking water pipes and joints of any pipe material. The three tools were tested for their accuracy and reproducibility for gap width sizing in double-socket push-fit joints. The tests were performed at laboratory scale (PVC pipes and joints) in the field (asbestos cement pipes and joints) and in three full-scale tests (PVC) inside pipes used to supply drinking water. In the laboratory tests both accuracy and reproducibility were evaluated. In the field and full-scale tests only reproducibility of the tools was tested. CCTV proved to be the most accurate and reproducible for the application. This straightforward approach is considered to be a surrogate measure for joint's condition.

Luuk C. Rietveld

Papers

Optimisation of parameters in a solar light-induced photoelectrocatalytic process with a TiO2/Ti composite electrode prepared by paint-thermal decomposition

Estimating costs of small-scale water-supply interventions

Integration of oxalic acid chelation and Fenton process for synergistic relaxation-oxidation of persistent gel-like fouling of ceramic nanofiltration membranes

Quantitative non-destructive evaluation of push-fit joints

Endogeneity in water use behaviour across case studies of household water treatment adoption in developing countries