Educational institutions are envisioned as principal agents for addressing the current sustainability challenge that society is facing. Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) is transformational and concerns learning content and outcomes, pedagogy and the learning environment in itself. ESD entails rethinking the learning environment (physical and virtual) in line with sustainable development, which implies classrooms’ transformation towards learner engagement, formative assessments and active methodologies. This paper responds to this need through exploring the relationship between Smart Classrooms and four widely used ESD methodologies (project or problem-based learning, case study, simulation and cooperative inquiry), identifying how the dimensions and categories of the characteristics of Smart Classrooms can contribute and lead to the implementation of ESD methodologies in real teaching practice in an effective way. The method used in this study consisted of a literature review of both theoretical frameworks separately, ESD and Smart Classrooms, and a subsequent expert analysis to identify the interrelation between both. The Smart Classroom shows a high level of adequacy for using problem and project-based learning, case study and cooperative inquiry methods because of its characteristics in terms of technology developments, environmental conditions and processes. Simulation is the ESD methodology with the lowest level of adequacy in a Smart Classroom, because it is primarily held online rather than through face-to-face teaching. Smart Education facilitates the putting in practice of ESD processes as it enables the creation of intelligent, sustainable, resource-efficient, personalised and adaptive learning environments. Further empirical research is needed to explore the influence that the Smart Classroom has in enabling ESD processes and practices, and to identify students’ and teachers’ needs at different education levels. Additionally, teacher training programmes focused on the correct use of Smart Classrooms and on the digital competence of teachers are critical to its successful implementation.

The Smart Classroom as a Means to the Development of ESD Methodologies

A systematic review and meta-analysis of building automation systems

Smart classrooms are paradigm innovations for enhanced learning behavior in digital learning environments. These environments offer benefits for inclusive and virtual learning, underscoring the need for assessments of current practices. Although research on smart classrooms propose models and systems for enhancing socio-technological integration, knowledge on socio-technological challenges of smart classrooms remains limited. This article applies a systematic review methodology in line with the PRISMA protocol and analyzes current social and technological challenges based on 105 articles published between 2000 and 2019. The review identifies social challenges that facilitate personalization for external factors and teaching methods, stimulate learner-oriented content, instructor, peer, and technology forms of engagement, and boost interactivity depending on the willingness of learners and instructors. The review also finds technological challenges that concern designing learning environments and integrating intelligent systems, analytical tools and analysis, system models and ontology, and mobile and social media applications. The review suggests areas for future research involving smart classroom design for continuity and consistency, quality attributes of smart classrooms, efficiency and sustainability of smart classroom infrastructure, and the development of a smart classroom modelling language.

Understanding socio-technological challenges of smart classrooms using a systematic review

In the world, there is a growing need for lower limb prostheses due to a rising number of amputations caused primarily, by diabetic foot. Researchers enable functional and comfortable prostheses through prosthetic design by integrating new technologies applied to the traditional handcrafted method for prosthesis fabrication that is still current. That is why computer vision shows to be a promising tool for the integration of 3D reconstruction that may be useful for prosthetic design. This work has the objective to design, prototype, and test a functional system to scan plaster cast molds, which may serve as a platform for future technologies for lower limb reconstruction applications. The image capture system comprises 5 stereoscopic color and depth cameras, each with 4 DOF mountings on an enveloping frame, as well as algorithms for calibration, segmentation, registration, and surface reconstruction. The segmentation metrics of dice coefficient and Hausdorff distance (HD) show strong visual similarity with an average similarity of 87% and average error of 6.40 mm, respectively. Moving forward, the system was tested on a known 3D printed model obtained from a computer tomography scan to which comparison results via HD show an average error of ≤1.93 mm thereby making the system competitive against the systems reviewed from the state-of-the-art. 

https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/7/2443/pdf?version=1648194518

ARACAM: A RGB-D Multi-View Photogrammetry System for Lower Limb 3D Reconstruction Applications

The teaching and learning process in classrooms has been getting new frontiers with the introduction of a Smart Classroom concept: intelligent and context-aware classrooms that promote teaching and learning in a convenient and ubiquitous way. Allied with that, IoT devices have a great variety of ideas for use in Smart Classrooms, where several applications of systems have been contributing to the development of new Smart Classroom technologies. This paper outlines the results of a systematic literature review where different systems that use these technologies are identified, and in that study, different paradigms, perspectives, and approaches on the subject are recognized. Resumo. O processo de ensino-aprendizagem em salas de aula vem ganhando novas fronteiras com a introdução do conceito de Smart Classroom: salas de aulas inteligentes e conscientes de contexto, que promovem a aprendizagem de forma ubı́qua. Aliado a isso, o uso de dispositivos IoT possui uma grande variedade de propostas no contexto de Smart Classrooms, onde diversas aplicações de sistemas com novas tecnologias vem sendo desenvolvidos nos últimos anos. Este artigo apresenta o resultado de uma Revisão Sistemática de Literatura onde são identificados diferentes sistemas que aplicam essas tecnologias e por meio desse estudo são reconhecidos paradigmas, perspectivas e abordagens referentes ao tema. 1. Introdução Paı́ses em desenvolvimento vêm utilizando Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação como forma de aumentar a qualidade da educação em sala de aula, podendo ser usadas para diversificar o processo de aprendizagem, pesquisa e gerenciamento de alunos. Uma dessas tecnologias é a Internet, que vem sendo utilizada para conectar dispositivos implementados em salas de aula com dispositivos integrados no cotidiano dos professores e alunos [Sari et al. 2017]. Estes dispositivos representam o paradigma de Internet das Coisas (ou IoT, sigla definida pela expressão do termo original Internet of Things). O paradigma de IoT é definido por [Chebudie et al. 2014], como um conjunto de dispositivos unicamente endereçáveis interconectados através da Internet, podendo possuir sensores que capturam dados contı́nuos e discretos do mundo real a fim de cumprir uma grande variedade de funções. DOI: 10.5753/cbie.sbie.2018.308 308 Anais do XXIX Simpósio Brasileiro de Informática na Educação (SBIE 2018) VII Congresso Brasileiro de Informática na Educação (CBIE 2018)

/pdf/smart-classroom-utilizando-dispositivos-iot-uma-revisao-6xb8teph1g.pdf

Smart Classroom utilizando dispositivos IoT: uma revisão sistemática da literatura

Internet of Things (IoT) is no doubt will be the new revolution in the era of Industry 4.0, where every object will be connected to the server or internet for data processing and control. The attendance system that we currently use now is recorded by signing our signature on a piece of paper, which makes tracking and processing troublesome. It will need to be digitalized by using various sensors and module on it. Besides, the current conventional classroom system does not implement any energy saving system, which contributed to the high cost in paying electrical bills. Thus, in this paper, an IoT based Smart Classroom System is presented. This system consists of two features; the autonomous attendance system as well as an energy saving technology implementation. As for the autonomous attendance system, the attendance that were taken from student matric card will be digitalized and send to the server to be processed, and then the attendance records are able to be viewed via a website. Meanwhile, through the energy saving technology, students or lecturer does not purposely need to switch off the air conditioning and lights each time they leave the class anymore. Overall, the whole system will increase efficiency in terms of attendance recording and processing and save huge amount of cost spend in electricity bill.

IoT based smart classroom system

Object and character recognition from images are widely used for example plate car number recognition, scanner and even in the autonomous car. Researchers had developed lot of algorithms and image processing techniques to extract the features in the image such as hue, saturation and value (HSV) color filtering. However, the application of optical character recognition and image processing is not limited to car plate recognition but it can be implemented to recognize the other application such as price tag recognition. This project employed HSV color model for filtering the color and several image processing techniques to get the Region of Interest (ROI) and Optical Character Recognition (OCR) to recognize the product name and price in the price tags. Three price tags from shopping malls namely A, G and T are selected and analyzed in Android system. The image of price tags is filtered by color and applied rectangle contour detection to find the bounded area of the price tags with background image. Then, the process continues with masking the specific part in the price tags to recognize the character. In this method, color and contour detection able to separate the ROI with background and almost get the desired result with detection accuracy of 92.3% for price tag G, 90.63% for price tag T and 59.4% for price tag A.

Price Tag Recognition using HSV Color Space

Microfluidic is used to separate, transport and manipulate particles through a micro-scale device. This paper presents the numerical simulation of interdigitated electrodes that is commonly used for continuous particle separation using electrical separation microfluidic device which demonstrates dielectrophoretic (DEP) force. The strength of DEP force depends on the gradient of electric field generated by the electrodes. Besides, the effect of Joule heating generated by the electrodes would harm the living particles. The interdigitated electrodes arrays are simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics 3.5. The gradient of electric field distribution and temperature generated are simulated for different width and gap of the electrode. The simulation results are analysed and discussed to determine the best electrode dimension to be fabricated for bio-particles separation application. The optimum interdigitated electrode dimension identified in this research was 60µm:180µm (width:gap) that generate 1.92x1016 V2m-3 of electric field gradient and temperature of 68°C on the electrode surface, and electric field gradient of 1.83x1013 V2m-3 and temperature about 40°C when 80µm above the electrode with the conductivity of the fluid is 1.09 S/m (mimic blood conductivity).

Optimization of Interdigitated Electrodes in Electric Field Distribution and Thermal Effect

In medical diagnosis, cell counting and cell analysis are very important to determine our health condition. The aim of this project is to automate the counting of red blood cell, white blood cell and platelets, and detect cell anomalies such as malaria using an affordable and portable device. A device called Cellco was developed based on image analysis technique due to its simplicity and portability. With the Cellco mobile application and the hardware setup, Cellco will first capture the blood sample image under microscope or microscopic camera. With image processing algorithm, Cellco performs the counting process automatically and returns the result within several seconds to the user’s phone. Cellco is fast, portable and affordable, especially for hematologists and mobile doctors.

Cellco: Portable Device for Automated Blood Cell Count and Abnormal Cell Detection

This paper describes the idea to realize three-dimensional surfaces of objects with cylinder-based shapes where the techniques adopted and the strategy developed for a non-rigid three-dimensional surface reconstruction of an object from uncalibrated two-dimensional image sequences using multiple-view digital camera and turntable setup. The surface of an object is reconstructed based on the concept of tomography with the aid of performing several digital image processing algorithms on the two-dimensional images captured by a digital camera in thirty-six different projections and the three-dimensional structure of the surface is analysed. Four different objects are used as experimental models in the reconstructions and each object is placed on a manually rotated turntable. The results shown that the proposed method has successfully reconstruct the three-dimensional surface of the objects and practicable. The shape and size of the reconstructed three-dimensional objects are recognizable and distinguishable. The reconstructions of objects involved in the test are strengthened with the analysis where the maximum percent error obtained from the computation is approximately 1.4 % for the height whilst 4.0%, 4.79% and 4.7% for the diameters at three specific heights of the objects.

M. A. Abdul Razak

Papers

IoT based smart classroom system

Price Tag Recognition using HSV Color Space

Optimization of Interdigitated Electrodes in Electric Field Distribution and Thermal Effect

Cellco: Portable Device for Automated Blood Cell Count and Abnormal Cell Detection

3D Surface Reconstruction for Lower Limb Prosthetic Model using Radon Transform