M.C Butler Ellis

TL;DR: Air induction and twin-fluid nozzle designs have been found to have a performance that is more sensitive to changes in spray liquid properties compared with hydraulic pressure nozzles and to exhibit trends that are different from those of conventional nozzle types.

TL;DR: Six commercially-available agricultural spray adjuvants were mixed with water and sprayed through a medium quality flat fan nozzle to evaluate their effect on the spray formation process and droplet size distributions.

TL;DR: There was a better correlation between retention efficiency and the dynamic surface tension of the corresponding spray liquids, with the exception of the organosilicone, which, as expected from its high surface activity, gave essentially complete spray coverage on leaves.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the effect of surfactant solutions on spray formation in hydraulic agricultural nozzles and found that some surfactants caused changes in the appearance of the liquid sheet produced by the nozzle, which did not occur with pure liquids.

TL;DR: Formation of sprays by five hydraulic nozzles were investigated in order to establish whether the proven effects of adjuvants on sprays from a standard flat fan nozzle are reproduced by other hydraulicNozzles, with the hollow cone and pre-orifice nozzle showing substantial differences.