International Journal of Computer and Applications

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/5610941/5624686/05624745.pdf

Power electronics

Major pathways in the antibacterial activity and eukaryotic toxicity of nanosilver involve the silver cation and its soluble complexes, which are well established thiol toxicants. Through these pathways, nanosilver behaves in analogy to a drug delivery system, in which the particle contains a concentrated inventory of an active species, the ion, which is transported to and released near biological target sites. Although the importance of silver ion in the biological response to nanosilver is widely recognized, the drug delivery paradigm has not been well developed for this system, and there is significant potential to improve nanosilver technologies through controlled release formulations. This article applies elements of the drug delivery paradigm to nanosilver dissolution and presents a systematic study of chemical concepts for controlled release. After presenting thermodynamic calculations of silver species partitioning in biological media, the rates of oxidative silver dissolution are measured for nan...

/pdf/controlled-release-of-biologically-active-silver-from-3dy5t0qfbd.pdf

Controlled release of biologically active silver from nanosilver surfaces

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic non-essential transition metal that poses a health risk for both humans and animals. It is naturally occurring in the environment as a pollutant that is derived from agricultural and industrial sources. Exposure to cadmium primarily occurs through the ingestion of contaminated food and water and, to a significant extent, through inhalation and cigarette smoking. Cadmium accumulates in plants and animals with a long half-life of about 25–30 years. Epidemiological data suggest that occupational and environmental cadmium exposure may be related to various types of cancer, including breast, lung, prostate, nasopharynx, pancreas, and kidney cancers. It has been also demonstrated that environmental cadmium may be a risk factor for osteoporosis. The liver and kidneys are extremely sensitive to cadmium’s toxic effects. This may be due to the ability of these tissues to synthesize metallothioneins (MT), which are Cd-inducible proteins that protect the cell by tightly binding the toxic cadmium ions. The oxidative stress induced by this xenobiotic may be one of the mechanisms responsible for several liver and kidney diseases. Mitochondria damage is highly plausible given that these organelles play a crucial role in the formation of ROS (reactive oxygen species) and are known to be among the key intracellular targets for cadmium. When mitochondria become dysfunctional after exposure to Cd, they produce less energy (ATP) and more ROS. Recent studies show that cadmium induces various epigenetic changes in mammalian cells, both in vivo and in vitro, causing pathogenic risks and the development of various types of cancers. The epigenetics present themselves as chemical modifications of DNA and histones that alter the chromatin without changing the sequence of the DNA nucleotide. DNA methyltransferase, histone acetyltransferase, histone deacetylase and histone methyltransferase, and micro RNA are involved in the epigenetic changes. Recently, investigations of the capability of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), Indian mustard (Brassica juncea), and river red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) to remove cadmium from polluted soil and water have been carried out. Moreover, nanoparticles of TiO2 and Al2O3 have been used to efficiently remove cadmium from wastewater and soil. Finally, microbial fermentation has been studied as a promising method for removing cadmium from food. This review provides an update on the effects of Cd exposure on human health, focusing on the cellular and molecular alterations involved.

https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/11/3782/pdf

The Effects of Cadmium Toxicity

Chemical deposition method for metal chalcogenide thin films

This paper presents a low-cost design of flyback converter in high-voltage and low-power application. The flyback converter is designed with the E–I Ferrite core MTC transformers with high permeability and high saturation point. The control circuit is designed around the integrated chip of UC3844 fixed frequency current mode controller incorporated with error amplifier, current sensing comparator, and a high totem pole output driver. External biasing is not required for the control circuit as it is directly biased from the high-voltage line and high-frequency transformer. Isolation is provided by transformer and optocoupler for input–output and power control circuit, respectively. Voltage and current are sensed through the resister divider circuit and shunt resistor, respectively. Control characteristics and performance of the flyback converter are simulated using PSIM software, and 20 W flyback converter hardwire circuit is built to validate the analytical results under variable load current and variable source voltage. Performance of the converter with variable input voltage (25–55 V) and variable load (50–200 Ω) is reported.

Design and Implementation of a DCM Flyback Converter with Self-biased and Over-Current Protection Circuit

This paper presents a multiple output flyback converter in high-voltage and low-power application with a single switch. Different voltage levels are required in many applications, and as the number of voltage levels increases, the number of regulators increases, which increases the cost and complexity. To overcome this cost and complexity multiple output flyback converter is designed using the UC3844 integrated pulse width modulation IC which drives the MOSFET as well as provides the load and line regulation in current control mode. Control characteristics and performance of a 28-W flyback converter are simulated in PSIM software. Steady-state response of the current loop control with variable load is reported. The experimental result demonstrates that the model can regulate the multi-output flyback with a single switch for the specified voltage and current load.

Multiple Output Off-Line Flyback Converter with a Single Switch

Personal computer based data acquisition system is proposed in this paper. The paper deals with simulation and on-line parameter measurements of induction motor. The appropriate signal conditioning circuits are developed and parameters are read by the interfacing card compatible to PC/XT/AT. The different parameters such as current, voltage, speed etc are measured and efficiency, torque, HP etc are calculated at no load and full load conditions and characteristics of motor parameters are analyzed and compared with the simulation results.

Data Acquisition System for Simulation and On-Line Parameter Estimation of Induction Motor using Computer

Image scene categorization is the dominant research area, where the localization of the objects along with the background is performed. At the current scenario, existing classifiers fail to provide the accuracy for the classification. Therefore, a novel approach for image scene categorization is performed using the hybrid features and the Hybrid technique named Mayfly Moth Flame (MAMF) optimization algorithm dependent Deep Convolutional Neural Network (MAMF-based Deep CNN) classifier, which positively impacts on the classification accuracy. This algorithm tunes the classifier towards acquiring the optimal classification performance from the classifier and is developed through interbreeding the characteristic features of the vermins and the caddisflies. The significance of the hybrid features for the classification is implemented and analyzed using the MAMF-based deep CNN classifier. The experimental analysis reveals that the proposed Hybrid features with MAMF-based Deep CNN classifier attains highest accuracy of 96.7215 % and 94.8684 % using SCID2 and SUN-397 datasets, respectively.

Scene Categorization From Indoor-Outdoor Images Using Hybrid MAMF-Based Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

The various perturbing structures for generation of circular polarization (CP) in a hexagonal shaped microstrip antenna (HMSA) with patch side length of 20 mm is used to resonate in the Mobile Satellite Service (MSS) band at a centre frequency of 2 GHz. The hexagonal geometry to achieve CP is perturbed in four different ways: first with a rectangular slot at centre, second with two narrow slits at opposite vertices, third with double conducting stub at opposite vertices and fourth with a single conducting stub at a vertex. With any of these perturbing structures embedded in the hexagonal geometry and single probe feeding the antenna along the diagonal line of the square substrate of dimension 60 mm x 60 mm, the antenna radiates left hand circularly polarized waves. Four such hexagonal antenna configurations are analyzed to determine the resonant frequency, impedance BW, axial ratio, gain and radiation patterns in the E-plane and H-plane. The performance of all antenna parameters in their single layer structure is enhanced further by means of stacking the driven antenna with the similar parasitic patch element. Due to stacking the antenna observes an overall increase in 10 dB impedance bandwidth (BW), 3 dB axial ratio BW (ARBW) and antenna gain by 2.58 %, 1.71 % and 0.1615 dB respectively.

https://www.rroij.com/open-access/circular-polarization-in-stacked-hexagonalshaped-microstrip-antennas.pdf

M. D. Uplane

Papers

Design and Implementation of a DCM Flyback Converter with Self-biased and Over-Current Protection Circuit

Multiple Output Off-Line Flyback Converter with a Single Switch

Data Acquisition System for Simulation and On-Line Parameter Estimation of Induction Motor using Computer

Scene Categorization From Indoor-Outdoor Images Using Hybrid MAMF-Based Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

Circular Polarization in Stacked HexagonalShaped Microstrip Antennas