This application relates to proteins involved in the Wnt/frizzled signaling pathway. More specifically, it involves the role of these proteins in proliferative disorders.

Wnt and frizzled receptors as targets for immunotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas

An advanced discrete state–discrete event multiscale simulation model of the response of a solid tumor to chemotherapy: Mimicking a clinical study

One of the primary goals of functional genomics is to provide a quantitative understanding of gene function. However, the success of this enterprise is dependent on the accuracy and precision of the functional genomic data. A novel approach, digital analysis of gene expression (DAGE) described herein, is an accurate and precise technology for measuring digital gene expression on a relative or absolute scale by simply counting the number of transcripts of a gene being expressed at a given time. The result is a greatly improved technology sensitive enough for identifying and quantifying small (but biologically important and statistically relevant) changes in gene expression. Fourteen genes involved in galactose metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae were analyzed for their expression levels in glucose and galactose minimal media. The quantitative expression results were characterized in terms of distributional and accuracy attributes; they were also in general agreement (in terms of direction of change) with corresponding results obtained using microarray technology. DAGE is likely to have profound implications in the field of functional genomics because the gene expression measurements are digital in nature and therefore more accurate than any other technologies.

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Digital quantitative measurements of gene expression

A liquid composition comprising a colloidal suspension of a biomolecule-binding matrix material (preferably nitrocellulose) dispersed in a liquid, with particles of the matrix material being of a defined particle size, and replicate copies of a biomolecule, e.g., protein or nucleic acid probes, which are distributed, preferably uniformly, throughout the colloidal suspension and are bound to the matrix material particles, is disclosed. The liquid composition of the invention can be used directly for sample analysis or preparation of biomolecules, or aliquots of the composition can be spotted onto a support to form a microporous matrix system or microarray for analysis or preparation of biomolecules. Compositions and microarrays according to the invention are useful in any type of analytical or preparative procedure relating to biomolecules. They are particularly useful, e.g., in methods for detecting a biomolecule analyte in a liquid sample, methods for determining the presence of a particular nucleic acid sequence within a liquid sample and methods for determining the presence of a drug candidate molecule in a liquid sample. The invention further comprises kits for practicing the various methods of the invention.

Colloid compositions for solid phase biomolecular analytical, preparative and identification systems

This study aimed to investigate the radiosensitizing effect of polydatin (PD) on colorectal cancer (CRC) and its underlying mechanism. The C57BL/6 mouse model of CRC was induced by treatment with azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and then divided into four groups: control, PD alone, IR alone, and combination of PD and IR. Radiation therapy (200 cGy/min, 10Gy) was performed in mice in the experimental groups for once a week with a total of four times. Thirty minutes before IR, mice were intraperitoneally injected with PD at the dose of 25mg/kg. The number and volume of CRC xenografts were calculated. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the expression of Ki67 and cleaved caspase-3 in tumor tissues samples. The effects of PD on proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated in CT26 and HCT116 colon tumor cells. Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5 positive (Lgr5+) cancer stem cells (CSCs) were sorted from CT26 cells and the effects of PD on their proliferation and apoptosis were observed to elucidate the radiosensitizing mechanism of PD in CRC cells. Combined therapy with PD and IR significantly decreased tumor volume, inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of tumor cells in the mouse model of CRC compared to other three groups. Compared to the IR group, in vitro assay showed that PD combined with IR inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of CT26 and HCT116 colon tumor cells as well as Lgr5+ CSCs. However, addition of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type I receptor inhibitor K02288 (6.4nM) dramatically increased proliferation of Lgr5+ CSCs and abolished the cytotoxic effect of PD combined with IR on Lgr5+ CSCs. The in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that IR combined treatment with PD could inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis of CRC cells and Lgr5+ CSCs, and BMP signaling pathway was involved in the radiosensitizing effect of PD.

Polydatin Increases Radiosensitivity by Inducing Apoptosis of Stem Cells in Colorectal Cancer.

Methods are provided for characterizing target polynucleotides on an array. The array is hybridized to probes, where the probes are fractionated and labeled with spectrally distinguishable labels in order to provide information about a physical attribute of the nucleic acid, e.g. length of mRNA, association with ribosomes, sub-cellular localization, etc. Nucleic acids present on the array are scored for hybridization with a probe having particular label characteristics. Based on this information, target nucleic acids are identified that correspond to the desired physical attribute.

Screening arrays of nucleotides to determine correspondence with both sequence and physical properties of a probe

A Non-Invasive Approach for Molecular Characterization of Glioblastoma Multiforme: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Correlation with cDNA Microarray Expression Profiles

M. Diehn

Papers

Screening arrays of nucleotides to determine correspondence with both sequence and physical properties of a probe

A Non-Invasive Approach for Molecular Characterization of Glioblastoma Multiforme: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Correlation with cDNA Microarray Expression Profiles

Dna microarrays as "microscopes" for watching a genome in action

Investigating Mechanisms of Cancer Stem Cell Radioresistance

Analyzing the Sensitivity of Breast Cancer Stem Cells to Ionizing Radiation and Chemotherapy