1. Particles at liquid interfaces - an introduction B. P. Binks and T. S. Horozov 2. Structure and formation of particle monolayers at liquid interfaces L. Bergstrom 3. Theory for interactions between particles in monolayers J. C. Fernandez-Toledano, A. Moncho-Jorda, F. Martinez-Lopez and R. Hidalgo-Alvarez 4. Particle-assisted wetting W. A. Goedel 5. Particle-laden interfaces: rheology, coalescence, adhesion and buckling G. G. Fuller, E. J. Stancik and S. Melle 6. Solids-stabilized emulsions: a review R. J. G. Lopetinksy, J. H. Masliyah and Z. Xu 7. Novel materials derived from particles assembled on liquid surfaces K. P. Velikov and O. D. Velev 8. Interfacial particles in food emulsions and foams E. Dickinson 9. Collection and attachment of particles by air bubbles in froth flotation A. V. Nguyen, R. J. Pugh and G. J. Jameson 10. Antifoam effects of solid particles, oil drops and oil-solid compounds in aqueous foams N. D. Denkov and K. G. Marinova 11. Metal foams: towards high temperature colloid chemistry N. Babcsan and J. Banhart.

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Colloidal Particles at Liquid Interfaces

Liquid metal foam can be generated by creating gas inside a liquid or semi-liquid metallic melt which has been pre-treated in a suitable way. Such foams are self-supporting disordered structures in complete analogy to aqueous foams. The stabilisation mechanism of metallic foams is still not fully understood. In order to facilitate discussion of foam stabilisation the various methods for making such foams are classified with respect to the mode of gas generation and the type of melt used for foaming. Metal foams can be produced by gas injection from an external source or by in-situ nucleation of gas bubbles in the melt for which various possibilities are known. Melts amenable to foaming range from almost pure molten alloys to melts to which particles have been added, formed by in-situ reactions or which have been already present in the solid precursor prior to melting. Some of the available experimental evidence for the action of stabilising particles in metallic foams is presented. It is found that although stabilisation seems to be based on the presence of a solid constituent in all the foaming processes, the mechanisms might vary. At present the nature of stabilisation is not yet fully understood and many questions remain

Metal Foams: Production and Stability†

https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/files/146139740/Clean_Revised_Manuscript_CIS_2016_221.pdf

Foams: From nature to industry

Structure and deformation correlation of closed-cell aluminium foam subject to uniaxial compression

Catalytic partial oxidation of methane on platinum investigated by spatial reactor profiles, spatially resolved spectroscopy, and microkinetic modeling

A measurement apparatus for observing the foaming of metals is described. It consists of a microfocus X-ray source, a small heater and a panel detector. The foaming of samples can be recorded in real-time with frequencies up to 9 Hz and resolutions down to 5 μm due to the small spot size. Magnifications up to 10x are obtained by simply changing the distance between source, sample and detector. Foaming of Al alloys and sandwiches was investigated applying different final foaming temperatures, heating rates and blowing agent pre-treatments. An image analysis program was developed to automatically recognise the foam expansion.

M. Fromme

Papers

Real-time X-ray radioscopy on metallic foams using a compact micro-focus source