Elements Of X Ray Diffraction

Ever-growing global energy needs and environmental damage have motivated the pursuit of sustainable energy sources and storage technologies. As attractive energy storage technologies to integrate renewable resources and electric transportation, rechargeable batteries, including lead–acid, nickel–metal hydride, nickel–cadmium, and lithium-ion batteries, are undergoing unprecedented rapid development. However, the intrinsic toxicity of rechargeable batteries arising from their use of toxic materials is potentially environmentally hazardous. Additionally, the massive production of batteries consumes numerous resources, some of which are scarce. It is therefore essential to consider battery recycling when developing battery systems. Here, we provide a systematic overview of rechargeable battery recycling from a sustainable perspective. We present state-of-the-art fundamental research and industrial technologies related to battery recycling, with a special focus on lithium-ion battery recycling. We introduce the concept of sustainability through a discussion of the life-cycle assessment of battery recycling. Considering the forecasted trend of a massive number of retired power batteries from the forecasted surge in electric vehicles, their repurposing and reuse are considered from economic, technical, environmental, and market perspectives. New opportunities, challenges, and future prospects for battery recycling are then summarized. A reinterpreted 3R strategy entailing redesign, reuse, and recycling is recommended for the future development of battery recycling.

Toward sustainable and systematic recycling of spent rechargeable batteries

Beneficial role of nanosilica in cement based materials – A review

https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/bitstream/10316/80382/1/1-s2.0-S0261306914001691-main.pdf

The effect of nanosilica addition on flowability, strength and transport properties of ultra high performance concrete

Sol-Gel processing of silica nanoparticles and their applications.

Effect of colloidal nano-silica on the mechanical and physical behaviour of waste-glass cement mortar

Worldwide, around 2.6 billion tons of cement is produced annually. This huge size of production consumes large amounts of energy and is one of the largest contributors to carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) release. Accordingly, there is a pressing demand to minimise the quantity of cement used in the concrete industry. The main challenge to this is to get durable concrete with less cement and within reasonable cost. The economic, environmental and engineering benefits of reusing ground waste-glass powder (WGP) as a partial cement replacement has been established, but low glass reactivity and the possible alkali–silica reaction (ASR) are a drawback. Recent advances in nano-technology have revealed that nano-sized particles such as nano clay (NC) have a high surface area to volume ratio that provides the potential for tremendous chemical reactivity, accelerating pozzolanic activity and hindering ASR. This paper presents a laboratory study of the properties of NC/WGP cement composites. The microstructure, ASR, fracture energy, compressive and flexural properties of cement mortars containing WGP as a cement replacement with and without NC are investigated and compared with plain matrix. In addition, the hydration of cement compounds was followed by differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and also X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that incorporation of glass powder has a positive effect on the mechanical properties of cement mortars after 28 days of hydration. Also, the results revealed that the mechanical properties of the cement mortars with a hybrid combination of glass powder and NC were all higher than those of plain mortar and with glass powder after 28 days of hydration. In addition, the DTA/TGA results and XRD analysis showed a reduction in the calcium hydroxide (CH) content in mortars with glass powder and with a hybrid combination of glass powder and NC, which confirms the improvements of mechanical properties and occurrence of pozzolanic reaction after 28 days of hydration.

Effect of nano clay particles on mechanical, thermal and physical behaviours of waste-glass cement mortars

Separation and recovery of rare earth elements from spent nickel–metal-hydride batteries using synthetic adsorbent

Adsorption onto solid phases plays an important role in the transport of radionuclides and contaminants in the environment. Radionuclides in radioactive waste have been considered to be hazardous pollutants, and their migration with groundwater is strongly affected by sorption on the geologic media. Therefore, the knowledge of radionuclide sorption is of great importance in the management of radioactive wastes. A series of batch sorption experiments were conducted separately to investigate sorption and transport behaviour of cobalt, strontium and caesium on and through marble. Batch-mode kinetic and equilibrium studies have been carried out at different temperatures. Sorption experimental data were analysed by kinetic and isotherm models. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the marble is an economic and efficient retaining material for environmental hazardous migration and/or leakage of some radionuclides. Therefore, this study could be used as a starting point to establish and...

M. I. Aly

Papers

Effect of colloidal nano-silica on the mechanical and physical behaviour of waste-glass cement mortar

Effect of nano clay particles on mechanical, thermal and physical behaviours of waste-glass cement mortars

Separation and recovery of rare earth elements from spent nickel–metal-hydride batteries using synthetic adsorbent

Kinetics and thermodynamics studies of cobalt, strontium and caesium sorption on marble from aqueous solution

Extraction of Ce (IV), Yb (III) and Y(III) and recovery of some rare earth elements from Egyptian monazite using CYANEX 923 in kerosene