This review focuses on the more significant contributions to the understanding and use of ion-selective electrodes (ISE's). There is a strong interest in this field as over 1400 articles and abstracts were found during the writing of this review which covers the period from January 1986 through December 1987. The major analytical and electrochemical journals were read and a hand search of Chemical Abstracts uncovered the remaining articles. Unlike previous fundamental reviews, this paper will not attempt to list all the pertinent papers on ISE's. Rather, the more interesting works and applications are covered to illustrate examples of the general trends and directions of ISE interests.

Ion-Selective Electrodes.

The development and applications of ion-selective membrane electrodes continue to provide excitement in expanding areas of analytical chemistry, including analytical pharmaceutical research and analysis, because these sensors offer the advantages of simple design, construction, and manipulation, reasonable selectivity, fast response time, applicability to colored and turbid solutions, and possible interfacing with automated and computerized systems. The combination of membrane sensors with flow injection analysis (FIA) for the determination of various organic ions of biological interest (e.g., drugs) is a new promising area with many applications. This review covers the material that is of interest to those who deal with ion-selective electrodes in organic and pharmaceutical analysis.

M.I. Karayannis

Papers

Construction and analytical applications of liquid membrane electrode for trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)