Nanoparticles synthesis using supercritical fluid technology - towards biomedical applications.

After a brief examination of known insulating laser crystals and the stimulated emission channels of their generating activator ions, this article reviews recent advances in the development of novel lasing crystals and ceramics, as well as inorganic and organic nonlinear-laser crystals for χ(3) and cascaded χ(3) ↔ χ(2) frequency converters Several new modern attractive technologies in the physics and techniques of crystalline lasers are also discussed

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/lpor.200710008

Laser crystals and ceramics: recent advances

2-μm lasers with fluoride crystals: Research and development

We report the first demonstration, to our knowledge, of passive Q-switched mode-locking in a Tm3+:YAP laser, operating in the 2 μm broadly spectral region formed with a compact Z-flod cavity. A transmission-type single-walled carbon nanotube saturable absorber (SWCNT–SA) is used for the initiation of the pulse generation. The repetition rate of the Q-switched envelope was 60 kHz at the pump power of 8.6 W. The mode-locked pulses inside the Q-switched pulse envelope had a repetition rate of ∼92 MHz. A maximum average output power of 761 mW was obtained. The dependence of the operational parameters on the pump power was also investigated experimentally.

2 μm passive Q-switched mode-locked Tm3+:YAP laser with single-walled carbon nanotube absorber

A comparison of Tm,Ho:YLF; Tm,Ho:LuLF; and Tm,Ho:LuAG crystals under identical experimental conditions showed that Tm,Ho:LuLF yielded significantly better performance. The thermal expansion coefficients were measured. These crystals were experimentally characterized in the spectral region of 680 nm and 780 nm accessible to laser diodes. The effective energy storage lifetimes of the Ho 5I7 manifold at room temperature were measured experimentally. At 10 Hz and 273 K, free-running laser output energy in excess of 17 mJ was obtained in Tm,Ho:YLF compared with 30 mJ in Tm,Ho:LuLF and 24.4 mJ in Tm,Ho:LuAG. The slope efficiencies with respect to the incident pump energy were 7.4%, 12.9%, and 11.6%, respectively. The temperature dependence of the output energies of these lasers was investigated.

Spectroscopic and diode-pumped-laser properties of TM,Ho:YLF; Tm, Ho:LuLF; and Tm,Ho:LuAG crystals: a comparative study

Lasing in diode-pumped Tm:YAP, Tm,Ho:YAP and Tm,Ho:YLF

YAP versus YAG as a diode-pumped host for thulium

The generation of 300 mW of single frequency CW output from a Tm,Ho:YLF laser at room temperature is reported. The line narrowing element used was a single 100 /spl mu/m thick solid etalon, which, via angle tuning, allowed the laser to operate on discrete single frequencies in the wavelength range 2.063-2.067 /spl mu/m.

M.J.P Payne

Papers

Lasing in diode-pumped Tm:YAP, Tm,Ho:YAP and Tm,Ho:YLF

YAP versus YAG as a diode-pumped host for thulium

Single frequency diode-pumped Tm,Ho:YLF laser