Aquaculture: Relevance, distribution, impacts and spatial assessments – A review

The Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna delta of Bangladesh is one of the most populous deltas in the world, supporting as many as 140 million people. The delta is threatened by diverse environmental stressors including salinity intrusion, with adverse consequences for livelihood and health. Shrimp farming is recognised as one of the few economic adaptations to the impacts of the rapidly salinizing delta. Although salinity intrusion and shrimp farming are geographically co-located in the delta, there has been no systematic study to examine their geospatial associations with poverty. In this study, we use multiple data sources including Census, Landsat Satellite Imagery and soil salinity survey data to examine the extent of geospatial clustering of poverty within the delta and their associative relationships with salinity intensity and shrimp farming. The analysis was conducted at the union level, which is the lowest local government administrative unit in Bangladesh. The findings show a strong clustering of poverty in the delta, and whilst different intensities of salinization are significantly associated with increasing poverty, neither saline nor freshwater shrimp farming has a significant association with poverty. These findings suggest that whilst shrimp farming may produce economic growth, in its present form it has not been an effective adaptation for the poor and marginalised areas of the delta. The study demonstrates that there are a series of drivers of poverty in the delta, including salinization, water logging, wetland/mudflats, employment, education and access to roads, amongst others that are discernible spatially, indicating that poverty alleviation programmes in the delta require strengthening with area-specific targeted interventions.

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Is shrimp farming a successful adaptation to salinity intrusion? A geospatial associative analysis of poverty in the populous Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna Delta of Bangladesh.

Massive withdrawal of groundwater resources due to population growth and rapid industrialization has led to seawater intrusion into the coastal aquifers across the globe. The problem is an emerging challenge as the coastal areas host ≈40% of the total global population. Impacts of the seawater intrusion on the health of the local community, economic and socio-cultural developments in the coastal areas have led to a wide variety of research being conducted. The objective of the present study is to provide a detailed review of the processes that control the seawater intrusion into the coastal aquifers and the necessary measures to mitigate the same. Various methods of investigation and their applicability are explained. Finally, the status of seawater intrusion in India has been discussed in greater detail.

Seawater intrusion in the coastal aquifers of India - A review

Impacts and responses to environmental change in coastal livelihoods of south-west Bangladesh.

This paper provides a review of the emerging literature on the water–energy–food (WEF) nexus and then analyses the nexus in the context of Bangladesh. Results suggest that the WEF nexus is not yet recognized in the policy documents of Bangladesh, while conflicts over these resources are growing. In order to reduce this contestation, ‘policy integration’ is recommended for implementing key policies in the WEF nexus.

The water–energy–food (WEF) security nexus: the policy perspective of Bangladesh

The frozen food export sector, next to readymade garments sector, is the second largest export earner of Bangladesh. Shrimp, main item of frozen food, is a major contributor in the national economy of Bangladesh since mid 1980s. Although it provides millions of employment and earns more than US$ 445 million annually, it has been facing a host of challenges. Shrimp farming has been associated with a number of negative environmental and social impacts which hinder the sustainable development of this blooming sector. This paper aim to focus on how the shrimp culture in Bangladesh is affecting the adjacent environment as well as society and management approach for it’s sustain ability by means of reviewing the available scientific literatures. It finds the grave socioeconomic impacts including traditional livelihood displacement, loss of land security, food insecurity, marginalization, rural unemployment, social unrest and conflicts in the wake of shrimp culture development in Bangladesh. Similarly, environmental impacts such as mangrove degradation, loss of biodiversity, sedimentation, saltwater intrusion, and pollution and disease outbreaks are found to be the main obstacles for the development of sustainable shrimp farming. Inappropriate management practices and inadequate plans regarding water quality, seed supply, irrigation facilities and fishery resources are the main reasons for these impacts of shrimp farming. The effective management measures to mitigate the adverse environmental impact of shrimp farming development have now become urgent requirement.

Impacts of shrimp farming on the coastal environment of Bangladesh and approach for management

A comparative study regarding prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Vibrio species in the black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon Fabricius) culture environment as well as market samples were analyzed Total Vibrio counts were found to range up to 25 × 10 3 cfu/gm and 60 cfu/gm in shrimp and Gher water samples, respectively Results revealed that the total vibrio count were found to be higher in samples taking from the market shops in Dhaka city than Gher shrimp samples and the live shrimps were not contaminated with Vibrio species but dead shrimps were found contaminated, which were collected from shrimp Gher In the antimicrobial susceptibility test, highest 2857% resistance among total Vibrio isolates was observed to penicillin and cephalexin Among the seven isolates of Vibrio species from Gher water sample one isolate displayed multi-drug resistance (MDR) The main reason of antibiotic resistance could be the indiscriminate application of antibiotics in shrimp farming and release of shrimp pond effluent to estuarine ecosystems or post harvest contamination of shrimps with the antibiotic resistant bacteria through the environment and human handling

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/A_N_M_Fakhruddin/publication/235949679_Antimicrobial_Susceptibility_of_Vibrio_Species_Isolated_From_Brackish_Water_Shrimp_Culture_Environment/links/00b49514aa32d967bc000000.pdf

Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Vibrio Species Isolated From Brackish Water Shrimp Culture Environment

Pangasius catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) is popular among fish farmers of Bangladesh due to its hardy characteristics, fast growth, and its ability to survive in high densities. Many consumers love to buy this fish due to its low market price and delicious flashy meat, especially as live condition. Bacterial outgrowth in transport water is frequent consequence including some enteric groups like Salmonella spp. and E. coli. The study attempted to know the occurrence of Salmonella spp. and E. coli in water used during live transportation of Pangasius catfish in Bangladesh. Water samples were collected from three different Pangasius catfish transportation channels at 2 hours intervals at on-board transportation vehicle. The collected waters were then plated onto SS and EMB agar plates and obtained 15, 20, and 17 suspected isolates from channel 1, channel 2 and channel 3, respectively. The isolates were confirmed through PCR techniques; Salmonella spp. was found only in Channel 1 while E. coli were found in all the three sampling channels. Among the suspected isolates, 13 were positive for E. coli in channel 1, while 16 in both channel 2 and channel 3. Among the suspected isolates, 86.54% was E. coli positive, 1.92% was Salmonella positive, and 11.54% isolates was not confirmed. The results indicated that the fishes were contaminated with Salmonella spp. and E. coli species either in the culture systems or during handling and live transportation.

Isolation and identification of Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli from water used during live transportation of Pangasius catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus

Coping with the economic effects of COVID-19: an evidence from the Bangladesh labour market

To evaluate the medicinal value of natural colorants derived from dragon fruit, this research measures the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activities of extracted colorant from two species (Hylocereus polyrhizus and Hylocereus undatus) of dragon fruit at different concentrations. The cold extraction method was used for extraction. Anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and cytotoxic assay were measured using free radical scavenging, denaturation, and hemolytic inhibitory, disk diffusion, liquid microdilution assay, brine shrimp lethality and 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2- thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays, respectively. The aqueous extract showed high levels of phytochemicals (phenolics and flavonoids) in contrast to the other two (ethanol and ethyl acetate) extracts. Aqueous extract colorants exhibited better antioxidant and anti-inflammation activity than other two extracts (p<0.05; <0.001). Promising antibacterial activity was observed in a range of concentrations (50–200 mg/mL) of the aqueous extract colorants against tested bacteria; the inhibiting zone ranged from 6.00±0.50 to 8.54±0.23 mm. The both species of dragon fruits extract could inhibit the selected microorganism under study with variable minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Lack of cytotoxic activity was evident in the aqueous extract colorant relative to the other (LC50 for the aqueous extracts ranged from 748.78 to 886.63 µg/mL). Subsequently, the aqueous extract colorant from the two dragon fruit species could be an excellent source of color for food additive purposes, and as an ingredient in pharmaceutical medications. 

In vitro anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and cytotoxic effects of extracted colorants from two species of dragon fruit (Hylocereus spp.)

M. J. Uddin

Papers

Impacts of shrimp farming on the coastal environment of Bangladesh and approach for management

Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Vibrio Species Isolated From Brackish Water Shrimp Culture Environment

Isolation and identification of Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli from water used during live transportation of Pangasius catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus

Coping with the economic effects of COVID-19: an evidence from the Bangladesh labour market

In vitro anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and cytotoxic effects of extracted colorants from two species of dragon fruit (Hylocereus spp.)