RAPD markers reveal polymorphism among some Iranian pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) genotypes

Evaluation of genetic diversity among Iranian soft-seed pomegranate accessions by fruit characteristics and RAPD markers

An efficient regeneration method via axillary nodes has been developed for Jatropha curcas, which is a medicinal as well as a promising plant for biofuel production. This was achieved on MS medium with BA (3.0 mg/L) + IBA (1.0 mg/L) + Adenine sulfate (25 mg/L) + Glutamine (50 mg/L) +L- arginine (15 mg/L) + Citric acid (25 mg/l) within three to four weeks of inoculation. On an average, within a period of three subcultures, a single initial axillary node explant generated 100 shoots respectively there by favoring the economics of the cost of the materials and time factors. Plants were rooted on ½ strength MS medium supplemented with IBA (1.0-4.0 mg/L) and NAA (1.0-4.0 mg/L). The highest frequency of root induction was on the medium with 3.0 mg/L IBA. The in vitro raised plantlets were acclimatized in green house and successfully transplanted to the nursery. This is a first report of regeneration of Jatropha curcas with additives especially with L-arginine.

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In vitro clonal propagation of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.): Influence of additives

Foundation characteristics of edible Musa triploids revealed from allelic distribution of SSR markers.

An efficient mass multiplication protocol was developed for Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal from nodal explants of field-grown plants on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with 6-benzyladenine (BA) [1.5 mg L−l], indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) [0.3 mg L−l] and with the addition of polyamine, spermidine (20 mg L−l) (shoot multiplication medium). A total of 46.4 shoots were obtained from nodal explants and they were elongated in the same medium in a culture duration of 6 weeks. The elongated shoots produced roots in MS medium fortified with putrescine (20 mg L−l) after 4 weeks, and all the rooted plants were successfully hardened and acclimatized with a survival rate of 100%. An average of 276 shoots (46 × 6) was produced when at least six nodal explants obtained from each of the 46 in vitro grown shoots were cultured by microcutting method in the same shoot multiplication medium. On an average, 12,696 plants could be produced from all the shoots (276 × 46) by microcuttings in a period of 7 months. HPLC revealed a significant increase in the quantities of withanolide A, withanolide B, withaferin A and withanone in the leaves, stems, and roots of in vitro regenerated plants compared to the field-grown parent plants. Ploidy analysis using flow cytometry revealed genetic stability of in vitro regenerated plants. This protocol will be useful for scale-up production of withanolides on commercial scale.

The effect of polyamines on the efficiency of multiplication and rooting of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal and content of some withanolides in obtained plants

Shoot tip explants of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Poinsett 76) were cultured in vitro on Murashige-Skoog medium with L-glutamine, ammonium nitrate, adenine sulphate, asparagine, ammonium succinate, potassium nitrate and sodium nitrate as the nitrogen sources along with optimal concentration of 0.044 mM benzyladenine to study their effects on in vitro morphogenesis. The explants grown with 0.068 mM L-glutamine displayed the highest culture response (74.6 %) and greatest shoot number per explant (13.6) at the end of two subcultures. The explants cultured with other nitrogen sources resulted in low culture frequency and low number of shoots per explant accompanied by basal callusing and necrosis.

Glutamine : A suitable nitrogen source for enhanced shoot multiplication in Cucumis sativus L.

In vitro organogenesis was achieved from callus derived from hypocotyl explants of Cucumis sativus L. cv. Poinsett 76. Calli were induced from hypocotyl explants excised from 7-d-old seedlings grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 87.64 µM sucrose, 0.8 % agar, 3.62 µM 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid and 2.22 µM 6-benzyladenine (BA). Regeneration of adventitious buds from callus (25 shoots explant−1) was achieved on MS medium supplemented with 8.88 µM BA, 2.5 µM zeatin and 10 % coconut water after two subcultures in the same medium at 30-d interval. Gibberellic acid (1.75 µM) favoured shoot elongation and indole 3-butyric acid (7.36 µM) induced rooting. Rooted plants were hardened and successfully established in soil.

In vitro organogenesis and plant formation in cucumber

High frequency shoot regeneration from cotyledon explants of cucumber via organogenesis

Sixteen collections of the wild Musa species, Musa balbisiana Colla collected from different regions of India were studied for their intraspecific relationships using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Out of 80 primers screened, 34 primers produced reproducible bands and four primers among them showing polymorphic bands were used. In all, 43 DNA fragments were amplified averaging 10.75 per primer. Of these, 31 amplified fragments showed polymorphism (averaging of 7.75 per primer). The extent of polymorphism (74.6%) has indicated the existence of considerable variation at the DNA level within the species. The 16 accessions were clustered into four as against seven clusters obtained through morphotaxonomic characterization. The inter relationships based on geographical origin in comparison with molecular characterization have been discussed.

Variation and Intraspecific Relationships in Indian Wild Musa balbisiana (BB) Population as Evidenced by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA

SummaryNatural transgression between Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana, the well accepted progenitors of Musa spp., has led to the evolution of modern bananas and plantains with various ploidy levels and genomic constitutions. Silk is an important group of triploid, dessert bananas of bispecific origin (AAB). Though it has wide geographic distribution across the globe, the variability seems to be very limited. This study was undertaken with 25 Silk group representatives of both indigenous and exotic origins. The genetic variation and phylogenetic relationships were analysed using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Out of the 80 primers screened, 34 primers produced reproducible bands and only four primers were selected for the polymorphic study. A total of 35 DNA fragments across all materials were amplified with four random primers, averaging 8.75 per primer. Within the amplified fragments, 18 showed polymorphism with an average of 4.5 per primer. The average polymorphism among the amplifi...

M. Manickavasagam

Papers

Glutamine : A suitable nitrogen source for enhanced shoot multiplication in Cucumis sativus L.

In vitro organogenesis and plant formation in cucumber

High frequency shoot regeneration from cotyledon explants of cucumber via organogenesis

Variation and Intraspecific Relationships in Indian Wild Musa balbisiana (BB) Population as Evidenced by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA

Analysis of genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among indigenous and exotic Silk (AAB) group of bananas using RAPD markers