M. Moo-Young

TL;DR: This article critically reviews some ethanol fermentation technologies from sugar and starch feedstocks, particularly those key aspects that have been neglected or misunderstood, and recommends self-immobilization of yeast cells through their flocculation to effectively overcome these drawbacks.

TL;DR: The basic knowledge required for understanding and predicting the performance of bioreactors of the air-lift type is only now beginning to emerge as mentioned in this paper, and the major aspects of mixing and hydrodynamics, mass and heat transfer in these reactors are considered.

TL;DR: In this paper, an energy balance over an air-lifts loop is used to obtain a theoretical equation for the prediction of liquid circulation velocity in those devices and the resulting equation is shown to satisfactorily describe most of the available liquid circulation data (13 different air-lift reactors) for a large range of reactor operating scales (0.06-1.06 m3 liquid volumes) including measurements on two pilot scale vessels.

TL;DR: The organic extract of Annatto leaves appears to possess a narrow spectrum of antimicrobial activity, being effective against only the Gram-positive bacteria used in the authors' study.

TL;DR: A comprehensive assessment of the intermediary enzymes involved in butanol formation from carbohydrates by the saccharolytic bacterium, Clostridium acetobutylicum and other closely allied clostridia was performed to provide guidelines for potentially enhancing butanol productivity.