The energy transition is accompanied by developing a digital decentralized low-carbon energy infrastructure with renewable-based generating plants as its main elements. In 2020, 15 photovoltaic power plants (PVPs) with an installed capacity of 364 MW were commissioned in Russia, which is 21.08% of the total installed PVP capacity of Russia. The findings of an analysis of Russia’s current regulatory and technical documents (RTD) concerning the frequency and active power flow control are presented. They indicate that all PVPs must participate in the general primary frequency control (GPFC). This requirement is due to large frequency deviations of transient processes resulting from an emergency active power shortage, which can shut down frequency-maintaining generating plants by relay or process protection devices and industrial consumers with significant damage to them. The requirements suggest full-scale tests of PVP to confirm their readiness for participation in GPFC. The program and results of checking the algorithm of change in the PVP active power, depending on frequency, are demonstrated with an example of one PVP. The full-scale tests confirmed the compliance of the certified PVP with this requirement. The plans for involving PVPs in the power flow control under various topology and operation conditions are considered.

Testing Photovoltaic Power Plants for Participation in General Primary Frequency Control under Various Topology and Operating Conditions

Development of fast and hybrid charger for lithium ion batteries in light weight electric vehicles

Businesses are reliant on data to survive in the competitive market, and data is constantly in danger of loss or theft. Loss of valuable data leads to negative consequences for both individuals and organizations. Cybersecurity is the process of protecting sensitive data from damage or theft. To successfully achieve the objectives of implementing cybersecurity at different levels, a range of procedures and standards should be followed. Cybersecurity standards determine the requirements that an organization should follow to achieve cybersecurity objectives and facilitate against cybercrimes. Cybersecurity standards demonstrate whether an information system can meet security requirements through a range of best practices and procedures. A range of standards has been established by various organizations to be employed in information systems of different sizes and types. However, it is challenging for businesses to adopt the standard that is the most appropriate based on their cybersecurity demands. Reviewing the experiences of other businesses in the industry helps organizations to adopt the most relevant cybersecurity standards and frameworks. This study presents a narrative review of the most frequently used cybersecurity standards and frameworks based on existing papers in the cybersecurity field and applications of these cybersecurity standards and frameworks in various fields to help organizations select the cybersecurity standard or framework that best fits their cybersecurity requirements.

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Understanding Cybersecurity Frameworks and Information Security Standards—A Review and Comprehensive Overview

This paper explores the analytical study and simulation of fuzzy logic controller and PI controller, to control the dc output voltage of shunt active power filter for harmonic reduction and power quality improvement in case of nonlinear load. Here we have exercised an effort to design and evaluate a converter to compensate the harmonics for 1-phase AC to DC bridge rectifier which is working as the main converter in unregulated mode. The work depends on the scheme where an ancillary converter is linked in shunt with the main or primary converter whose turn on and turn off time is controlled by an appropriate controller (pi/fuzzy logic) for harmonic compensation of the primary converter which is working as nonlinear load. The Model of converter is proposed on MATLAB\SIMULINK Software and the results are analyzed satisfactorily.

/pdf/a-comparative-strategy-using-pi-fuzzy-controller-for-1bgvbrqic3.pdf

A Comparative Strategy Using PI & Fuzzy Controller for Optimization of Power Quality Control

The infrastructure of and processes involved in a microgrid electrical system require advanced technology to facilitate connection among its various components in order to provide the intelligence and automation that can benefit users. As a consequence, the microgrid has vulnerabilities that can expose it to a wide range of attacks. If they are not adequately addressed, these vulnerabilities may have a destructive impact on a country’s critical infrastructure and economy. While the impact of exploiting vulnerabilities in them is understood, research on the cybersecurity of microgrids is inadequate. This paper provides a comprehensive review of microgrid cybersecurity. In particular, it (1) reviews the state-of-the-art microgrid electrical systems, communication protocols, standards, and vulnerabilities while highlighting prevalent solutions to cybersecurity-related issues in them; (2) provides recommendations to enhance the security of these systems by segregating layers of the microgrid, and (3) identifies the gap in research in the area, and suggests directions for future work to enhance the cybersecurity of microgrids.

Cybersecurity of Microgrid: State-of-the-Art Review and Possible Directions of Future Research

Fast and Integrated Chargers for Lithium Ion Batteries

Frequency control of PV-connected micro grid system using fuzzy logic controller

A review on microgrid architecture, cyber security threats and standards

A new control algorithm implemented with Adaptive Hysteresis Current Control technique for Shunt Active Filter is proposed. A three-phase six-pulse converter with resistive load is considered as the non-linear load. Many switching methods are used to produce switching pulse which leads to the generation of reference current. Hysteresis Current Control is widely used due to its simplicity in implementation, fast and accurate response. However, the main issue is its variable switching frequency which leads to extra switching losses and injecting high-frequency harmonics into the system current. To solve this problem, an Adaptive Hysteresis Current Control has been introduced which produces hysteresis bandwidth which instantaneously results in smoother and constant switching frequency. By this technique the overall Total Harmonic Distortion rate has been reduced than the Hysteresis Current Control technique. The design concept of the proposed Shunt Active Filter using the PI based control algorithm is verified through simulation and the results proved the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm

M. Sabarimuthu

Papers

Fast and Integrated Chargers for Lithium Ion Batteries

Development of fast and hybrid charger for lithium ion batteries in light weight electric vehicles

Frequency control of PV-connected micro grid system using fuzzy logic controller

A review on microgrid architecture, cyber security threats and standards

An adaptive current control strategy for a three phase Shunt Active Filter