ARC: A compact, high-field, fusion nuclear science facility and demonstration power plant with demountable magnets

/pdf/a-review-of-commercial-high-temperature-superconducting-2o02lszkmx.pdf

A review of commercial high temperature superconducting materials for large magnets: from wires and tapes to cables and conductors

Conceptual design study for heat exhaust management in the ARC fusion pilot plant

The current fusion energy development path, based on large volume moderate magnetic B field devices is proving to be slow and expensive. A modest development effort in exploiting new superconductor magnet technology development, and accompanying plasma physics research at high-B, could open up a viable and attractive path for fusion energy development. This path would feature smaller volume, fusion capable devices that could be built more quickly than low-to-moderate field designs based on conventional superconductors. Fusion’s worldwide development could be accelerated by using several small, flexible devices rather than relying solely on a single, very large device. These would be used to obtain the acknowledged science and technology knowledge necessary for fusion energy beyond achievement of high gain. Such a scenario would also permit the testing of multiple confinement configurations while distributing technical and scientific risk among smaller devices. Higher field and small size also allows operation away from well-known operational limits for plasma pressure, density and current. The advantages of this path have been long recognized—earlier US plans for burning plasma experiments (compact ignition tokamak, burning plasma experiment, fusion ignition research experiment) featured compact high-field designs, but these were necessarily pulsed due to the use of copper coils. Underpinning this new approach is the recent industrial maturity of high-temperature, high-field superconductor tapes that would offer a truly “game changing” opportunity for magnetic fusion when developed into large-scale coils. The superconductor tape form and higher operating temperatures also open up the possibility of demountable superconducting magnets in a fusion system, providing a modularity that vastly improves simplicity in the construction, maintenance, and upgrade of the coils and the internal nuclear engineering components required for fusion’s development. Our conclusion is that while tradeoffs exist in design choices, for example coil, cost and stress limits versus size, the potential physics and technology advantages of high-field superconductors are attractive and they should be vigorously pursued for magnetic fusion’s development.

/pdf/smaller-sooner-exploiting-high-magnetic-fields-from-new-4bfjnq8isy.pdf

Smaller & Sooner: Exploiting High Magnetic Fields from New Superconductors for a More Attractive Fusion Energy Development Path

Novel physical properties appear when the size of a superconductor is reduced to the nanoscale, in the range of its superconducting coherence length (ξ0). Such nanosuperconductors are being investigated for potential applications in nanoelectronics and quantum computing. The design of three-dimensional nanosuperconductors allows one to conceive novel schemes for such applications. Here, we report for the first time the use of a He+ focused-ion-beam-microscope in combination with the W(CO)6 precursor to grow three-dimensional superconducting hollow nanowires as small as 32 nm in diameter and with an aspect ratio (length/diameter) of as much as 200. Such extreme resolution is achieved by using a small He+ beam spot of 1 nm for the growth of the nanowires. As shown by transmission electron microscopy, they display grains of large size fitting with face-centered cubic WC1–x phase. The nanowires, which are grown vertically to the substrate, are felled on the substrate by means of a nanomanipulator for their el...

/pdf/vertical-growth-of-superconducting-crystalline-hollow-38e3bx3sim.pdf

M Tekula

Papers

Options for the use of high temperature superconductor in tokamak fusion reactor designs