An insight into the analogies, state-of-the-art technologies, concepts, and prospects under the umbrella of perovskite materials (both inorganic-organic hybrid halide perovskites and ferroelectric perovskites) for future multifunctional energy conversion and storage devices is provided. Often, these are considered entirely different branches of research; however, considering them simultaneously and holistically can provide several new opportunities. Recent advancements have highlighted the potential of hybrid perovskites for high-efficiency solar cells. The intrinsic polar properties of these materials, including the potential for ferroelectricity, provide additional possibilities for simultaneously exploiting several energy conversion mechanisms such as the piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and thermoelectric effect and electrical energy storage. The presence of these phenomena can support the performance of perovskite solar cells. The energy conversion using these effects (piezo-, pyro-, and thermoelectric effect) can also be enhanced by a change in the light intensity. Thus, there lies a range of possibilities for tuning the structural, electronic, optical, and magnetic properties of perovskites to simultaneously harvest energy using more than one mechanism to realize an improved efficiency. This requires a basic understanding of concepts, mechanisms, corresponding material properties, and the underlying physics involved with these effects.

Mutual Insight on Ferroelectrics and Hybrid Halide Perovskites: A Platform for Future Multifunctional Energy Conversion.

Perovskite lead-free dielectrics for energy storage applications

The demand for dielectric capacitors with higher energy-storage capability is increasing for power electronic devices due to the rapid development of electronic industry. Existing dielectrics for high-energy-storage capacitors and potential new capacitor technologies are reviewed toward realizing these goals. Various dielectric materials with desirable permittivity and dielectric breakdown strength potentially meeting the device requirements are discussed. However, some significant limitations for current dielectrics can be ascribed to their low permittivity, low breakdown strength, and high hysteresis loss, which will decrease their energy density and efficiency. Thus, the implementation of dielectric materials for high-energy-density applications requires the comprehensive understanding of both the materials design and processing. The optimization of high-energy-storage dielectrics will have far-reaching impacts on the sustainable energy and will be an important research topic in the near future.

Homogeneous/Inhomogeneous-Structured Dielectrics and their Energy-Storage Performances.

With the fast development of the power electronics, dielectric materials with high energy-storage density, low loss, and good temperature stability are eagerly desired for the potential application in advanced pulsed capacitors. Based on the physical principals, the materials with higher saturated polarization, smaller remnant polarization, and higher electrical breakdown field are the most promising candidates. According to this rule, so far, four kinds of materials, namely antiferroelectrics, dielectric glass-ceramics, relaxor ferroelectric and polymer-based ferroelectrics are thought to be more likely used in next-generation pulsed capacitors, and have been widely studied. Thus, this review serves to give an overall summary on the state-of-the-art progress on electric energy-storage performance in these materials. Moreover, some general future prospects are also provided from the existed theoretical and experimental results in this work, in order to propel their application in practice.

https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/pdf/10.1142/S2010135X13300016

A review on the dielectric materials for high energy-storage application

High-Performance Dielectric Ceramic Films for Energy Storage Capacitors: Progress and Outlook

We report the breakdown electric field and energy density of laser ablated BaTiO3/Ba(1−x)SrxTiO3 (x = 0.7) (BT/BST) relaxor-ferroelectric superlattices (SLs) grown on (100) MgO single crystal substrates. The dielectric constant shows a frequency dispersion below the dielectric maximum temperature (Tm) with a merger above Tm behaving similarly to relaxors. It also follows the basic criteria of relaxor ferroelectrics such as low dielectric loss over wide temperature and frequency, and 50 K shift in Tm with change in probe frequency; the loss peaks follow a similar trend to the dielectric constant except that they increase with increase in frequency (∼40 kHz), and satisfy the nonlinear Vogel–Fulcher relation. Well-saturated ferroelectric hysteresis and 50–80% dielectric saturation are observed under high electric field (∼1.65 MV cm−1). The superlattices demonstrate an ‘in-built’ field in as grown samples at low probe frequency ( 1 kHz) which rules out the effect of any space charge and interfacial polarization. The P–E loops show around 12.24 J cm−3 energy density within the experimental limit, but extrapolation of this data suggests that the potential energy density could reach 46 J cm−3. The current density versus applied electric field indicates an exceptionally high breakdown field (5.8–6.0 MV cm−1) and low current density (∼10–25 mA cm−2) near the breakdown voltage. The current–voltage characteristics reveal that the space charge limited conduction mechanism prevails at very high voltage.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0953-8984/24/44/445901/pdf

M Tomazawa

Papers

Relaxor-ferroelectric superlattices: high energy density capacitors