IN 1974, the International Radiation Protection Association (IRPA) formed a working group on non-ionizing radiation (NIR), which examined the problems arising in the field of protection against the various types of NIR. At the IRPA Congress in Paris in 1977, this working group became the International Non-Ionizing Radiation Committee (INIRC). In cooperation with the Environmental Health Division of the World Health Organization (WHO), the IRPA/INIRC developed a number of health criteria documents on NIR as part of WHO’s Environmental Health Criteria Programme, sponsored by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Each document includes an overview of the physical characteristics, measurement and instrumentation, sources, and applications of NIR, a thorough review of the literature on biological effects, and an evaluation of the health risks of exposure to NIR. These health criteria have provided the scientific database for the subsequent development of exposure limits and codes of practice relating to NIR. At the Eighth International Congress of the IRPA (Montreal, 18–22 May 1992), a new, independent scientific organization—the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP)—was established as a successor to the IRPA/INIRC. The functions of the Commission are to investigate the hazards that may be associated with the different forms of NIR, develop international guidelines on NIR exposure limits, and deal with all aspects of NIR protection. Biological effects reported as resulting from exposure to static and extremely-low-frequency (ELF) electric and magnetic fields have been reviewed by UNEP/ WHO/IRPA (1984, 1987). Those publications and a number of others, including UNEP/WHO/IRPA (1993) and Allen et al. (1991), provided the scientific rationale for these guidelines. A glossary of terms appears in the Appendix.

Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHz)

1. Introduction 2. Theoretical foundations 3. Propagation and focusing of optical fields 4. Spatial resolution and position accuracy 5. Nanoscale optical microscopy 6. Near-field optical probes 7. Probe-sample distance control 8. Light emission and optical interaction in nanoscale environments 9. Quantum emitters 10. Dipole emission near planar interfaces 11. Photonic crystals and resonators 12. Surface plasmons 13. Forces in confined fields 14. Fluctuation-induced phenomena 15. Theoretical methods in nano-optics Appendices Index.

/pdf/principles-of-nano-optics-1hz998yqo8.pdf

Principles of nano-optics

The discrete-dipole approximation (DDA) for scattering calculations, including the relationship between the DDA and other methods, is reviewed. Computational considerations, i.e., the use of complex-conjugate gradient algorithms and fast-Fourier-transform methods, are discussed. We test the accuracy of the DDA by using the DDA to compute scattering and absorption by isolated, homogeneous spheres as well as by targets consisting of two contiguous spheres. It is shown that, for dielectric materials (|m| ≲ 2), the DDA permits calculations of scattering and absorption that are accurate to within a few percent.

Discrete-Dipole Approximation For Scattering Calculations

The optical properties of the light-absorbing, carbonaceous substance often called “soot,” “black carbon,” or “carbon black" have been the subject of some debate. These properties are necessary to model how aerosols affect climate, and our review is targeted specifically for that application. We recommend the term light-absorbing carbon to avoid conflict with operationally based definitions. Absorptive properties depend on molecular form, particularly the size of sp 2-bonded clusters. Freshly-generated particles should be represented as aggregates, and their absorption is like that of particles small relative to the wavelength. Previous compendia have yielded a wide range of values for both refractive indices and absorption cross section. The absorptive properties of light-absorbing carbon are not as variable as is commonly believed. Our tabulation suggests a mass-normalized absorption cross section of 7.5 ± 1.2 m2/g at 550 nm for uncoated particles. We recommend a narrow range of refractive indices for s...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02786820500421521

Light Absorption by Carbonaceous Particles: An Investigative Review

Handbook of Numerical Heat Transfer Free Full Download Links from Multiple Mirrors added by DL4W on 2015-04-10 02:13:35. Handbook of heat transfer / editors, W.M. Rohsenow, J.P. Hartnett. Y.I. Cho. m 3rd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-07053555-8. Students investigate heat transfer by conduction, convection and radiation. The analogy between heat and mass transfer is covered and applied in the analysis.

Handbook of heat transfer

A comprehensive review of the propagation prediction models for terrestrial wireless communication systems is presented in this paper. The classic empirical models are briefly described and the focus is placed on the application of ray-tracing techniques to the development of deterministic propagation models. Schemes to increase the computational efficiency and accuracy are discussed. Traditional statistical models are also briefly reviewed for completeness. New challenges to the propagation prediction are described and some new approaches for meeting these challenges are presented.

Propagation prediction models for wireless communication systems

A novel apparatus and method for time-domain tracking of high-speed chemical reactions. The apparatus of this invention includes a feedback system for controlling the RF frequency of an RF radiator system to thereby provide the optimum RF frequency for heating the reaction. The apparatus and method of this invention are particularly useful in the recovery of products from oil shale wherein the oil shale is heated by RF dielectric heating and the feedback system adjusts the RF frequency as the permittivity of the oil shale changes during the heating process.

Apparatus and method for time-domain tracking of high-speed chemical reactions

The radiation characteristics of multisection insulated antennas in conductive tissue are discussed. The effects of varying the diameters and lengths of the center conductors in the various sections of the antenna and the diameter and type of the insulation on the electromagnetic power deposition pattern and input impedance characteristics were examined. An approximate numerical model which calculates the current distribution and the radiation characteristics of multisection insulated antennas was developed. The numerical predictions were verified in a qualitative way experimentally by mapping the various near- and far-field components of the antennas. On the basis of these results, design tradeoffs are identified and quantified and guidelines for optimum designs are specified. In particular, it is shown that an insulation-to-center-conductor diameter ratio between 1.5 to 2.0 is optimum for uniform Teflon insulation, and that a multisection arrangement with the thinnest insulation near the antenna tip has superior performance compared with the uniform-insulation or other multisection designs. >

Design optimization of interstitial antennas

: The purpose of this fourth edition is to provide a convenient compilation of information contained in the previous editions, including updated tables of published data, and to add new information. Chapter 2 contains information about how to use this handbook. Chapter new information. Chapter 2 contains information about how to use this handbook. Chapter 3 contains a discussion of the basics of electromagnetics for readers who are not physicists or engineers. Chapter 4 gives information about permittivities and contains an updated compilation of the summaries of published data from previous editions. Theoretical dosimetry is discussed in Chapter 5, including a brief discussion of methods used for dosimetric calculations, data for models of biological systems, and a tabulated summary of published work in theoretical dosimetry. The calculated dosimetric data in Chapter 6 contains, in addition to material from previous editions, some new calculated average-SAR data for spheroidal models at frequencies well beyond resonance. These calculations were made by spheroidal models at frequencies well beyond resonance. These calculations were made by a new technique called the iterative extended boundary conditions method (IEBCM) which was developed at the University of Utah after the third edition was published. Chapter 6 also contains some new calculated average-SAR data for spheroidal models irradiated by near fields. Chapter 7 contains information about experimental dosimetry, including a history of experimental dosimetry and a discussion of experimental techniques.

Radiofrequency Radiation Dosimetry Handbook. 4th Edition

Vector network measurements are enhanced by calibrating the measurement system over the entire band of interest. This is done using a 12-term error correction model. Many measurement systems, including open air devices such as MMIC wafer probes, contain leakage and coupling error terms not modeled in current calibration systems. All error terms in such a system are included in a new 16-term error model and calibration procedure. Corrected measurements using the 16-term calibration procedure are compared with thru-reflect-line (TRL) and 12-term calibration measurements, and excellent agreement is observed for a nonleaky system. For a leaky system, the 12-term model is shown to break down, while the 16-term model retains its accuracy. The results validate the accuracy and viability of the calibration procedure for MMIC wafer probe measurements and other measurement systems containing leakage. >

Magdy F. Iskander

Papers

Propagation prediction models for wireless communication systems

Apparatus and method for time-domain tracking of high-speed chemical reactions

Design optimization of interstitial antennas

Radiofrequency Radiation Dosimetry Handbook. 4th Edition

16-term error model and calibration procedure for on wafer network analysis measurements (MMICs)