Influence of pyrolysis temperature on production of digested sludge biochar and its application for ammonium removal from municipal wastewater

The contamination of water with heavy metals is a global issue. Its water solubility and non-degradability nature convert it into a potential threat to human health as well as flora and fauna. Several methods have been applied for heavy metal removal from water using a different mechanism, which differs in specification and removal efficacy. Activated carbon has recently attracted the attention of wastewater treatment industries because of its significantly high adsorption capacity against heavy metals. The large surface area, suitable surface functional groups, and appropriate pore diameter make activated carbon a potential adsorbent. Significant advances have been recently reported to modify the activated carbon using physical, chemical, organic, and inorganic loading techniques to improve the adsorption performance of activated carbon. This review presents the recent advances in activated carbon preparation and modification for heavy metal removal from water. Different fabrication techniques and the mechanisms of heavy metal adsorption are also discussed in detail.

Recent advances in activated carbon modification techniques for enhanced heavy metal adsorption

This study investigates the isotherm and kinetics of aqueous Cr(VI) removal using Eucalyptus globulus bark biochar (EBB) produced by pyrolysis of residual bark biomass at 500 °C. Various experimental parameters such as Cr(VI) initial concentration (range of 1–240 mg/L), reaction time (15–240 min) and temperature (303–323 K) were studied to understand the EBB–mediated Cr(VI) removal using two–parameter and three–parameter isotherms, sorption kinetics, and thermodynamics. Our data suggest that adsorption of Cr(VI) on biochar follow both Langmuir and Temkin isotherms; the estimated maximum removal capacity is 21.3 mg/g. The estimated ΔH° (12.07 kJ/mol) and ΔS° (110 J/mol–K) indicate endothermic and physical nature of sorption, and enhanced randomness at the sorbate–sorbent interface. The negative ΔG° values (−21.19 to −23.39 kJ/mol at 303–323 K) confirm spontaneous sorption dominated by physisorption. Cr(VI) removal kinetic was governed by the pseudo–second order rate with Cr(VI) removal by EBB dominantly controlled by film diffusion. Our results also show that Cr(VI) removal using EBB was unaffected in the presence of high concentration (800–5000 mg/L) of foreign ions compared to the control experiment. Thus, the developed low–cost EBB seems promising for Cr(VI) removal from various industrial wastewater sources.

Isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamics of hexavalent chromium removal using biochar

Extremely fast and efficient methylene blue adsorption using eco-friendly cork and paper waste-based activated carbon adsorbents

Adsorbent materials for ammonium and ammonia removal: A review

Removal of ammonium from groundwater using NaOH-treated activated carbon derived from corncob wastes: Batch and column experiments

Spherical biochar derived from saccharides (glucose, sucrose, and xylose) was prepared through two steps: pre-hydrothermal carbonization at 190 °C and calcination at low temperatures (200–325 °C). The spherical biochar was characterized by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, zeta potential, scanning and transmission electron microscopies, and X-ray diffraction. The result indicated that the spherical biochar exhibited low S
 BET (15–22 m2/g), but abundant superficial active oxygen-containing functional groups. The spherical biochar possessed a negatively charged surface within solution pH 2.0–11. The adsorption process of Pb2+, Cu2+, and methylene green 5 (MG5) was strongly dependent on the solution pH and reached fast equilibrium at approximately 60 min. The maximum Langmuir adsorption capacity (Q°max) exhibited the following order: glucose-biochar > sucrose-biochar > xylose-biochar prepared at 300 °C. The selective adsorption order of glucose-biochar was Cu2+ (0.894 mmol/g) > Pb2+ (0.848 mmol/g) > MG5 (0.334 mmol/g). The electrostatic attraction played a determining role in the adsorption mechanism of pollutant cations. The adsorption of anionic dye (acid red 1) on the spherical biochar was negligible because of electrostatic repulsion. The spherical biochar can serve as a newer and promising adsorbent to remove toxic pollutant cations from water media.

Removal of Copper, Lead, Methylene Green 5, and Acid Red 1 by Saccharide-Derived Spherical Biochar Prepared at Low Calcination Temperatures: Adsorption Kinetics, Isotherms, and Thermodynamics

A synthetic clay (Mg/Al-layered double hydroxides; LDH) was directly synthesized through a simple coprecipitation method under a low-supersaturation condition. The clay was applied to remove metal cations (Cd2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, Ni2+, and Cr3+) and oxyanions (MnO4– and Cr2O72–) from a single aqueous solution. The result demonstrated that LDH exhibited a poor porosity (its specific surface area and total pore volume: 23.2 m2/g and 0.161 cm3/g, respectively) and positively charged surface within solution pH from 3.0 to 12. The X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) data suggested that the basal spacing of LDH was 0.773 nm. The presence of active CO32– anions in the interlayer region of LDH that played an extremely important role in the adsorption process was identified by XRD and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM) analysis indicated that LDH possessed a surface morphology like a plate with a hexagonal shape. The adsorption isotherms of LDH towards various potentially toxic metals were conducted at 1.0 g/L, pHEquilibrium 5.0, 30°C, and 24 h. The Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity of LDH towards the target metals exhibited the following order: 1.299 mmol/g (for Ni2+ adsorption) > 0.880 mmol/g (Cd2+) > 0.701 mmol/g (Cr3+) > 0.657 mmol/g (Pb2+) > 0.601 mmol/g (Cu2+) > 0.589 mmol/g (Cr2O72–) >  . The synthetic clay can adsorb both cations and anions in the solution. Therefore, such LDH material can serve as a potential dual-electronic adsorbent for effectively eliminating various oxyanionic and cationic metal ions from water media.

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Dual-Electronic Nanomaterial (Synthetic Clay) for Effective Removal of Toxic Cationic and Oxyanionic Metal Ions from Water

Autosomal recessive hyper‐IgE syndrome (AR‐HIES) is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by high serum IgE levels, recurrent viral skin infections, severe allergies, and early‐onset malignancies, associated with mutations in the gene encoding the dedicator of cytokinesis 8 protein (DOCK8). We report a rare case of AR‐HIES with DOCK8 deficiency in a young Japanese male with a past medical history of chronic atopic dermatitis, severe food allergies, and severe herpes simplex virus infection. Treatment was successfully based on infection management, skincare, and dietary elimination. In addition, anti‐IgE therapy with omalizumab was the target treatment for this syndrome.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/cia2.12273

Mai Thi Vu

Papers

Removal of ammonium from groundwater using NaOH-treated activated carbon derived from corncob wastes: Batch and column experiments

Removal of Copper, Lead, Methylene Green 5, and Acid Red 1 by Saccharide-Derived Spherical Biochar Prepared at Low Calcination Temperatures: Adsorption Kinetics, Isotherms, and Thermodynamics

Dual-Electronic Nanomaterial (Synthetic Clay) for Effective Removal of Toxic Cationic and Oxyanionic Metal Ions from Water

Autosomal recessive hyper‐IgE syndrome due to DOCK8 deficiency: An adjunctive role for omalizumab

Genetic Diversity Analysis and Implications for Breeding Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal) Resistant Rice