2 1 The innovative transport systems and the CityMobil project 10 1.1 The research questions 10 2 The state of art in the field of automatic transport systems 12 2.1 Case studies and demand studies for innovative transport systems 12 3 The design and implementation of surveys 14 3.1 Definition of experimental design 14 3.2 Questionnaire design and delivery 16 3.3 First analyses on the collected sample 18 4 Calibration of Logit Multionomial demand models 21 4.1 Methodology 21 4.2 Calibration of the “full” model. 22 4.3 Calibration of the “final” model 24 4.4 The demand analysis through the final Multinomial Logit model 25 5 The analysis of interaction between the demand and socioeconomic attributes 31 5.1 Methodology 31 5.2 Application of Mixed Logit models to the demand 31 5.3 Analysis of the interactions between demand and socioeconomic attributes through Mixed Logit models 32 5.4 Mixed Logit model and interaction between age and the demand for the CTS 38 5.5 Demand analysis with Mixed Logit model 39 6 Final analyses and conclusions 45 6.1 Comparison between the results of the analyses 45 6.2 Conclusions 48 6.3 Answers to the research questions and future developments 52

The European commission

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Table Of Integrals Series And Products

Cognitive radios hold tremendous promise for increasing spectral efficiency in wireless systems. This paper surveys the fundamental capacity limits and associated transmission techniques for different wireless network design paradigms based on this promising technology. These paradigms are unified by the definition of a cognitive radio as an intelligent wireless communication device that exploits side information about its environment to improve spectrum utilization. This side information typically comprises knowledge about the activity, channels, codebooks, and/or messages of other nodes with which the cognitive node shares the spectrum. Based on the nature of the available side information as well as a priori rules about spectrum usage, cognitive radio systems seek to underlay, overlay, or interweave the cognitive radios' signals with the transmissions of noncognitive nodes. We provide a comprehensive summary of the known capacity characterizations in terms of upper and lower bounds for each of these three approaches. The increase in system degrees of freedom obtained through cognitive radios is also illuminated. This information-theoretic survey provides guidelines for the spectral efficiency gains possible through cognitive radios, as well as practical design ideas to mitigate the coexistence challenges in today's crowded spectrum.

Breaking Spectrum Gridlock With Cognitive Radios: An Information Theoretic Perspective

Information Theory and Reliable Communication

It is now well known that employing channel adaptive signaling in wireless communication systems can yield large improvements in almost any performance metric. Unfortunately, many kinds of channel adaptive techniques have been deemed impractical in the past because of the problem of obtaining channel knowledge at the transmitter. The transmitter in many systems (such as those using frequency division duplexing) can not leverage techniques such as training to obtain channel state information. Over the last few years, research has repeatedly shown that allowing the receiver to send a small number of information bits about the channel conditions to the transmitter can allow near optimal channel adaptation. These practical systems, which are commonly referred to as limited or finite-rate feedback systems, supply benefits nearly identical to unrealizable perfect transmitter channel knowledge systems when they are judiciously designed. In this tutorial, we provide a broad look at the field of limited feedback wireless communications. We review work in systems using various combinations of single antenna, multiple antenna, narrowband, broadband, single-user, and multiuser technology. We also provide a synopsis of the role of limited feedback in the standardization of next generation wireless systems.

/pdf/an-overview-of-limited-feedback-in-wireless-communication-1njp2bb1kz.pdf

An overview of limited feedback in wireless communication systems

We study the problem of exploiting MIMO wireless transmitter channel knowledge in the form of the channel mean and transmit correlation from a coding perspective. A linear channel precoder is designed to capture the channel information, which is used in concatenation with an orthogonal space-time block code. Based on the pair-wise error probability criterion, the optimal precoding matrix is derived analytically. Depending on the channel mean and correlation, and the SNR, the solution may require mode-dropping, which resembles the water-filling principle. The difference is that both the "water level" and the mode directions change with each water-fill iteration, hence it is termed dynamic water-filling. Efficient binary search algorithms are proposed to carry out the dynamic water-filling process in solving for the optimal precoder. Numerical examples show that significant gain can be obtained using this linear channel precoder.

/pdf/linear-precoding-for-mimo-channels-with-non-zero-mean-and-27c2abt7iq.pdf

Linear precoding for MIMO channels with non-zero mean and transmit correlation in orthogonal space-time coded systems

Transmit channel side information (CSIT) can improve performance of MIMO wireless systems by means of precoding. More complete and reliable CSIT provides more precoding gain. Instantaneous channel measurements provide the most potential gain, but suffer from delay-induced error due to channel temporal variation. Statistical channel knowledge provides less gain, but is reliable. In this paper, we propose a framework combining a possibly outdated channel measurement with the channel statistics - the mean and the covariance - to create a dynamic CSIT form, as a function of a correlation factor between the measurement and the current channel. The CSIT consists of an estimate of the current channel and the associated estimation error covariance, which function effectively as the channel mean and covariance. We apply a precoder design exploiting these channel statistics to illustrate the achievable gain and the robustness of the new CSIT framework

A robust transmit CSI framework with applications in MIMO wireless precoding

We design novel partial decode-forward (PDF) schemes for the Gaussian two-way relay channel with direct link. Different from pure decode-forward, each user divides its message into two parts and the relay decodes only one part of each. The relay then generates its codeword as a function of the two decoded parts and forwards to the two users. We propose PDF schemes for both the full- and half-duplex modes. In full duplex, the scheme is based on block Markov encoding and forward joint decoding over 2 consecutive blocks. In half duplex, the transmission is divided into 4 phases, in which one user transmits during the first phase, the other during the second phase, both users transmit during the third phase and the relay transmits during the last phase. The relay decodes a part of the messages from both users at the end of phase 3 and each user decodes only at the end of phase 4. Analysis and simulation show that if for one user, the direct link is stronger than the user-to-relay link, while for the other, the direct link is weaker, then PDF can achieve a rate region strictly larger than the time-shared region of pure decode-forward and direct transmission for both full- and half-duplex modes.

Partial decode-forward coding schemes for the Gaussian two-way relay channel

User association is necessary in dense millimeter wave (mmWave) networks to determine which base station a user connects to in order to balance base station loads and maximize throughput. Given that mmWave connections are highly directional and vulnerable to small channel variations, user association changes these connections and hence significantly affects the user's instantaneous rate as well as network interference. In this paper, we introduce a new load balancing user association scheme for mmWave MIMO networks which considers this dependency on user association of user's transmission rates and network interference. We formulate the user association problem as mixed integer nonlinear programming and design a polynomial-time algorithm, called Worst Connection Swapping (WCS), to find a near-optimal solution. Simulation results confirm that the proposed user association scheme improves network performance significantly by moving the traffic of congested base stations to lightly-loaded ones and adjusting the interference accordingly. Further, the proposed WCS algorithm outperforms other generic algorithms for combinatorial programming such as the genetic algorithm in both accuracy and speed at several orders of magnitude faster, and for small networks where exhaustive search is possible it reaches the optimal solution.

Load Balancing User Association in Millimeter Wave MIMO Networks

We study the optimum transmission scheme that maximizes ergodic capacity of a 2×1 multiple-input single-output (MISO) system, when the channel knowledge at the transmitter is characterized by a known gain ratio and a known probability density function of the phase shift between antennas Such a channel scenario can arise in a forward link at the base station when there is a single direct path propagation We show that the optimum transmit solution is beamforming on the mean value of the phase shift with unequal power input to the antennas When the phase is completely unknown, the solution reduces to a single antenna transmission I I NTRODUCTION Recent works in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless channel capacity and coding have shown that channel knowledge at the transmitter, in either full or partial form s, can increase the channel capacity and performance considerably (6)-(12) While zero-mean channels have been largely the focus of the existing work, it is also often found in practice that the wireless channel has a non-zero mean(2), (3) In other words, a finite K factor, which is the ratio of the power in the fixed component to that of the variable component in the channel, exists This motivates the study of transmit schemes for K-factor channels In this paper, we study a limiting case when the K factor is infinity, which corresponds to a direct dominant path prop - agation The results however could be applicable to channels with high K factors, say 20dB, which occur in practice (3) The receiver is assumed to know the channel perfectly The transmit channel knowledge model assumes a perfectly known antenna gain ratio, including equal-gain, and a random phase shift with a known probability density function (PDF) This scenario is typical in the forward link at a base station with direct path propagation and large spacing ( » 10 carrier wavelengths) between the two transmit antennas This model of channel knowledge differs from models considered in the aforementioned work, where long-term first and second order statistic information of the channel are usually assumed, t o- gether with complex Gaussian distributed channel coefficie nts The channel coefficients in this model represent a non-fadin g wireless link which has a phase shift uncertainty

http://www.ece.tufts.edu/~maivu/papers/vu_paulraj_highK_wcmc.pdf

Mai Vu

Papers

Linear precoding for MIMO channels with non-zero mean and transmit correlation in orthogonal space-time coded systems

A robust transmit CSI framework with applications in MIMO wireless precoding

Partial decode-forward coding schemes for the Gaussian two-way relay channel

Load Balancing User Association in Millimeter Wave MIMO Networks

Optimum space‐time transmission for a high K factor wireless channel with partial channel knowledge