https://bsppjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1046/j.1365-3059.1999.0378b.x

Fundamentals of Weed Science

Fenugreek a multipurpose crop: Potentialities and improvements

Can legume companion plants control weeds without decreasing crop yield? A meta-analysis

Drought stress is a major limitation in enhancing agricultural productivity to fulfill the food demand for the world's population. Fertigation of plants with a variety of biochemicals is being used to create drought resistance in wheat; however, the previous work has been limited in addressing these issues in plants at different growth stages. Therefore, a greenhouse study was conducted to ameliorate the drought stress in two wheat varieties (Chakwal-50 and Faisalabad-2008) by foliar application of 24-epibrassinolide (EBL). It was evident that drought stress had a negative effect on the growth, photosynthesis, and yield of wheat plants. EBL significantly enhanced the plant growth both under optimal and drought conditions. EBL improved the plant height, spike length, and the dry weights of roots, shoots, and grains as compared to control. Furthermore, the foliar application of EBL positively enhanced the osmolyte accumulation, increased the amounts of photosynthetic pigments, and improved the gas exchange parameters. The EBL minimized the oxidative stress by reducing electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide contents whereas it enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase under drought stress. The EBL significantly improved the level of stress hormones, such as abscisic acid, indol acetic acid, and cytokinin under drought stress. The growth response of Chakwal-50 was higher than that of Faisalabad-2008 when exposed to EBL under drought stress. Overall, the EBL plays a major role in the enhancement of growth, biomass, yield, and decrease in oxidative damage in wheat under drought conditions, however; field investigations with different doses of EBL are needed before any further recommendation.

Effects of 24‐epibrassinolide on plant growth, antioxidants defense system, and endogenous hormones in two wheat varieties under drought stress

Non-chemical weed management strategies in minor crops: A review

Intercropping of fenugreek as living mulch at different densities for weed suppression in coriander

To study the possibility of increasing the drought tolerance of common bean with the exogenous application of 24-epibrassinolide (EBL), an experiment was conducted in 2016 and 2017. In this experiment, two irrigation levels (optimal irrigation and drought stress) were applied to the main plots and two common bean genotypes (Kusha cultivar and COS16 genotype) and four EBL concentrations (0, 2, 4, and 6 μM) were allocated to sub-plots as factorial. In the flowering stage, drought stress was applied and plants were sprayed with EBL. The results showed that drought stress reduced relative water content (RWC) and increased proline content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and antioxidant enzymes activity. However, exogenous application of EBL reduced the seed yield loss and increased the drought stress tolerance in both common bean genotypes by decreasing the MDA content and increasing the RWC, proline content, antioxidant enzymes activity, and nitrate reductase activity. It can be concluded that foliar spray of 4 µM EBL as the best concentration may increase the seed yield and enhance the drought stress tolerance of common bean. Also, Cu/Zn-SOD was up-regulated in response to the drought stress and exogenous EBL. The COS16 genotype showed better response to the drought stress and exogenous EBL than the Kusha cultivar, because of the higher up-regulation of Cu/Zn-SOD in this genotype compared to the Kusha cultivar. Therefore, EBL can be used as a plant growth regulator to enhance drought stress tolerance and minimize the seed yield loss of common bean caused by water deficit.

Study the effect of 24-epibrassinolide application on the Cu/Zn-SOD expression and tolerance to drought stress in common bean

Total phenol, anthocyanin, and terpenoid content, photosynthetic rate, and nutrient uptake of Solanum nigrum L. and Digitaria sanguinalis L. as affected by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation

The aim of this study was to determine the chemical variation in indigenous populations of bitter fennel originating from Iran Essential oils isolated from the fruits of eight different populations of Foeniculum vulgare var vulgare from different locations of Iran were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) According to the results, the essential oil content in the fruit varied from 27% to 4% The major chemical constituents exhibited higher differences between the populations trans-Anethole was found to be the main component of the oil with rates of 465% and 84% in fruits and this component was followed by fenchone (91–238%), which is the second major phenylpropanoid detected in fennel oil Limonene, estragol (methyl chavicol), γ-terpinene, α-pinene and β-mercene are other main components identified in the fennel oils trans-Anethole was detected at the highest level (84%) in ‘Zanjan’ population oil and the ‘Marvdasht’ population contained the highest concentration (

Variation in the essential oil constituents in indigenous populations of Foeniculum vulgare var. vulgare from different locations of Iran

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are known to improve plant growth and nutrition and therefore are likely to affect the competitive relationships between crops and weeds. In this study, we evaluated whether AMF (Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizoglomus fasciculatum, Rhizoglomus intraradices) change plant competition between Phaseolus vulgaris and the weeds Solanum nigrum L., Digitaria sanguinalis L., and Ipomoea purpurea L. Mycorrhizal colonization, aggressivity index, photosynthetic rates, and yield parameters were measured. While the presence of AMF reduced the total biomass of D. sanguinalis and S. nigrum when grown in competition with P. vulgaris, it increased the total biomass of I. purpurea when grown with P. vulgaris. Significantly, elevated mycorrhizal growth responses (38–44%) improved the competitive ability of I. purpurea. In contrast, the competitive ability of S. nigrum was increased only when plants colonized by R. intraradices. The total protein content of P. vulgaris pods when in competition was negatively affected by AMF, thus leading to low nutritional quality. The results suggest that AMF have the potential to affect the outcome of weed—P. vulgaris competition. We demonstrate that not only colonization with AMF but also AMF species can affect the competitive relationships between crops and weeds, and thus, AMF represent key soil organisms to be taken into account in sustainable weed management strategies.

Majid Pouryousef

Papers

Intercropping of fenugreek as living mulch at different densities for weed suppression in coriander

Study the effect of 24-epibrassinolide application on the Cu/Zn-SOD expression and tolerance to drought stress in common bean

Total phenol, anthocyanin, and terpenoid content, photosynthetic rate, and nutrient uptake of Solanum nigrum L. and Digitaria sanguinalis L. as affected by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation

Variation in the essential oil constituents in indigenous populations of Foeniculum vulgare var. vulgare from different locations of Iran

Mycorrhizal impact on competitive relationships and yield parameters in Phaseolus vulgaris L. - weed mixtures.