We present an overview of the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), a parallel and efficient algorithm for simulating single-phase and multiphase fluid flows and for incorporating additional physical complexities. The LBM is especially useful for modeling complicated boundary conditions and multiphase interfaces. Recent extensions of this method are described, including simulations of fluid turbulence, suspension flows, and reaction diffusion systems.

Lattice boltzmann method for fluid flows

Lattice-gas cellular automata (LGCA) and lattice Boltzmann models (LBM) are relatively new andpromising methods for the numerical solution of nonlinear partial differential equations. The bookprovides an introduction for graduate students and researchers. Working knowledge of calculus isrequired and experience in PDEs and fluid dynamics is recommended. Some peculiarities of cellularautomata are outlined in Chapter 2. The properties of various LGCA and special coding techniquesare discussed in Chapter 3. Concepts from statistical mechanics (Chapter 4) provide the necessarytheoretical background for LGCA and LBM. The properties of lattice Boltzmann models and amethod for their construction are presented in Chapter 5.

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Lattice-Gas Cellular Automata and Lattice Boltzmann Models

A theoretical model is developed to describe the hydrodynamic behavior of the vapor-liquid interface of a bubble at the heater surface leading to the initiation of critical heat flux (CHF) condition. The momentum flux resulting from evaporation at the bubble base is identified to be an important parameter. A model based on theoretical considerations is developed for upward-facing surfaces with orientations of 0 deg (horizontal) to 90 deg (vertical). It includes the surface-liquid interaction effects through the dynamic receding contact angle. The CHF in pool boiling for water, refrigerants and cryogenic liquids is correctly predicted by the model, and the parametric trends of CHF with dynamic receding contact angle and subcooling are also well represented

A Theoretical model to predict pool boiling CHF incorporating effects of contact angle and orientation

Lattice-Gas Cellular Automata and Lattice Boltzmann Models: An Introduction

▪ Abstract This review examines recent advances made in predicting boiling heat fluxes, including some key results from the past. The topics covered are nucleate boiling, maximum heat flux, transition boiling, and film boiling. The review focuses on pool boiling of pure liquids, but flow boiling is also discussed briefly.

Boiling heat transfer

More than 400 pieces of test sections—flat plates made of various metals and alloys—were placed in saturated water under atmospheric pressure and heated to physical destruction by passing electric current directly through them. Several non-hydrodynamic parameters have marked effect upon the critical heat flux, which indicates that purely hydrodynamic theories are not directly applicable to general prediction of the critical heat flux. The critical heat flux data was found to be well correlated with the heat capacity per unit surface area of the test section: the critical heat flux is reduced with decrease of this parameter, while with increasing parameter it approaches a certain asymptotic value. The fluctuation of surface temperature due to alternate contact with vapor and liquid was calculated by the proposed model, and the trend of dryout duration was estimated from the critical heat flux data.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/18811248.1967.9732708

Non-hydrodynamic aspects of pool boiling burnout.

The motion of a vapor bubble in subcooled boiling was studied experimentally using slightly subcooled water, ethanol, and carbon-tetrachloride under the atmospheric pressure. The degree of subcooling ranged usually from about 2°C to 50°C, and in a few extreme cases it was extended to below 1°C. The experimental data for the collapse stage were found to be well correlated by the equations which were derived by assuming a laminar heat trasfrer between the spherical bubble and the surrounding liquid with uniform subcoolings.

Bubble Collapse in Subcooled Boiling

The growth and collapse data as well as the slip data of vapor bubbles were obtained under surface boiling conditions with water flowing in an annular channel with the velocity ranging from 0.1 to 5 meters per second, and with the subcooling ranging from 20 to 80°C under the atmospheric pressure. With the aid of the existing correlations and related informations, several discussions were made on the temperature profile in the boundary layer and on the bubble characteristics such as the bubble lifetime, the maxium diameter, the time of the maximum diameter and the average velocity in the radial motion during the growth and the collapse stages.

Motion of Vapor Bubbles in Subcooled Heated Channel

The effect of system pressure upon the growth characteristics of an isolated vapor bubble was investigated experimentally using water, ethanol and carbon-tetrachloride. The Jakob number was varied between 0.34 and 1040. It was found that with an increasing pressure the growth rate tends to be smaller, while in low pressure region the growth exponent happens to exceed 0.5. The model of evaporation of a thin liquid layer beneath the bubble was examined, which turned out to be successful for the explanation of the experimental facts.

Effect of Pressure on Bubble Growth in Pool Boiling

The thermal lattice BGK model is a recently suggested numerical tool aiming at solving problems of thermohydrodynamics. The quality of the lattice BGK simulation is checked in this paper by calculating temperature profiles in the Couette flow under different Eckert and Mach numbers. A revised lower order model is proposed to improve the accuracy and the higher order model is proved to be advantageous in this respect, especially in the flow regime with a higher Mach number.

Mamoru Akiyama

Papers

Non-hydrodynamic aspects of pool boiling burnout.

Bubble Collapse in Subcooled Boiling

Motion of Vapor Bubbles in Subcooled Heated Channel

Effect of Pressure on Bubble Growth in Pool Boiling

Heat transfer in lattice BGK modeled fluid